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Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Stroke in Transgender Adults
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo identify the current state of science on stroke in transgender adults and highlight gaps in need of further research. We will review current research on cerebrovascular risk and disease, hormone therapy, and stroke in transgender individuals. Finally, we will provide a framework for healthcare providers to prevent and reduce disparities through inclusive care practices.Recent FindingsTransgender people experience unique stroke risk factors, secondary to both psychosocial stress and health-related behaviors. These include higher rates of HIV, tobacco use, stimulant use, and hepatitis C. The use o...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - July 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Sex and Gender Considerations in Episodic Migraine
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe seek to update readers on recent advances in our understanding of sex and gender in episodic migraine with a two part series. In part 1, we examine migraine epidemiology in the context of sex and gender, differences in symptomatology, and the influence of sex hormones on migraine pathophysiology (including CGRP). In part 2, we focus on practical clinical considerations for sex and gender in episodic migraine by addressing menstrual migraine and the controversial topic of hormone-containing therapies. We make note of data applicable to gender minority populations, when available, and summarize kn...
Source: Current Pain and Headache Reports - June 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular events in women with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 2917 postmenopausal women
CONCLUSIONS: MHT is associated with statistically reduced CVD risk among white but not black women with PreDM or DM. Race is an effect modifier in the association between MHT use and CVD.PMID:35114556 | DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.01.016
Source: Atherosclerosis - February 3, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yilin Yoshida Zhipeng Chen Robin L Baudier Marie Krousel-Wood Amanda H Anderson Vivian A Fonseca Franck Mauvais-Jarvis Source Type: research

The impact of micronized progesterone on cardiovascular events - a systematic review
In conclusion, while available data suggest that MP as a component in combined MHT may have a neutral effect on the vascular system, more RCTs investigating the impact of MP alone or in combined MHT on vascular primary endpoints are needed.PMID:35112635 | DOI:10.1080/13697137.2021.2022644
Source: Climacteric - February 3, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Authors: L M Kaemmle A Stadler H Janka M von Wolff P Stute Source Type: research

The effect of female sex hormones on Hsp27 phosphorylation and histological changes in prefrontal cortex after tMCAO
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of neurosteroids in the brain may be due to the modulation of heat shock proteins.PMID:33857717 | DOI:10.1016/j.prp.2021.153415
Source: Pathology, Research and Practice - April 15, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Zeinab Vahidinia Elham Mahdavi Sayyed Alireza Talaei Homayoun Naderian Aboutaleb Tamtaji Hamed Haddad Kashani Cordian Beyer Abolfazl Azami Tameh Source Type: research

Migraine and menopause - a narrative review
Discussion and conclusion: Many women are informed that their migraines will disappear postmenopause; there are some data to support this, but a specific time frame has not been evidenced. Stroke risk in women with migraine with aura is small in absolute terms, but important at the population level, because migraine is so prevalent. The risk becomes clinically important in the context of additional stroke risk factors, which increase with aging such as hypertension. Estrogen in combined hormonal contraception increases the risk of an ischemic stroke, however, the lower amount of estrogen in HT may not contribute to a m...
Source: Menopause - January 1, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Loss of Estrogen Efficacy Against Hippocampus Damage in Long-Term OVX Mice Is Related to the Reduction of Hippocampus Local Estrogen Production and Estrogen Receptor Degradation
AbstractPostmenopausal women experience a higher risk for neurodegenerative diseases, including cognitive impairment and ischemic stroke. Many preclinical studies have indicated that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) may provide protective effects against these neurological diseases. However, the results of Women ’s Health Initiative (WHI) studies have led to the proposal of “critical period hypothesis,” which states that there is a precise window of opportunity for administering beneficial hormone therapy following menopause. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms require further characterizatio n. Here, we e...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Aromatase Inhibitors and the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women With Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study, aromatase inhibitors were associated with increased risks of heart failure and cardiovascular mortality compared with tamoxifen. There were also trends toward increased risks, although nonsignificant, of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. The increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with aromatase inhibitors should be balanced with their favorable clinical benefits compared with tamoxifen. PMID: 32065766 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Circulation - February 17, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Khosrow-Khavar F, Filion KB, Bouganim N, Suissa S, Azoulay L Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

The critical period for neuroprotection by estrogen replacement therapy and the potential underlying mechanisms.
Abstract 17β-Estradiol (estradiol or E2) is a steroid hormone that has been broadly applied as a neuroprotective therapeutic for a variety of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Several laboratory and clinical studies have reported that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) had no effect against these diseases in elderly postmenopausal women, and at worst, increased their risk of onset and mortality. This review focuses on the growing body of data from in vitro and animal models characterizing the potential underlying mechanisms and s...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - January 22, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Guo H, Liu M, Zhang L, Wang L, Hou W, Ma Y, Ma Y Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Sex Differences in Sex Hormone Profiles and Prediction of Consciousness Recovery After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Conclusion: These findings indicate that TBI differentially affects the levels of sex-steroid hormones in men and women patients. Plasma levels of testosterone could be a good candidate blood marker to predict recovery from unconsciousness after sTBI for male patients. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and is increasing in incidence (1). Patients with acute severe TBI (sTBI) often develop severe disorders of consciousness, i.e., coma, minimally conscious state or vegetative state. Although many patients may regain consciousness during the 1-month post-TBI p...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 25, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

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