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Specialty: Urology & Nephrology
Procedure: Dialysis

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Total 355 results found since Jan 2013.

In this Issue
The 4D Study was a randomized trial comparing 4 years of treatment with atorvastatin to placebo in 1255 hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. In the original trial, atorvastatin did not significantly reduce the primary end point of cardiovascular events, including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. To determine the long-term effects of atorvastatin in these patients, Krane and co-workers used questionnaires to assess clinical outcomes in surviving 4D participants. After median follow-up of 11.5 years, participants who had been assigned to atorvastatin had a nonsignificant trend toward fewer cardiovascu...
Source: Kidney International - May 13, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: In this Issue Source Type: research

Association of Reduced eGFR and Albuminuria with Serious Fall Injuries among Older Adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Elevated ACR but not lower eGFR was associated with serious fall injuries. Evaluation for fall risk factors and fall prevention strategies should be considered for older adults with elevated ACR. PMID: 27091516 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN - April 17, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Bowling CB, Bromfield SG, Colantonio LD, Gutiérrez OM, Shimbo D, Reynolds K, Wright NC, Curtis JR, Judd SE, Franch H, Warnock DG, McClellan W, Muntner P Tags: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Source Type: research

APOL1 nephropathy risk variants are associated with altered high-density lipoprotein profiles in African Americans
Conclusions Greater numbers of APOL1 G1/G2 risk alleles were associated with higher small HDL particle concentrations in African Americans. These results may suggest novel areas of investigation to uncover reasons for the association between APOL1 risk variants with adverse outcomes in African Americans.
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - March 22, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Gutierrez, O. M., Judd, S. E., Irvin, M. R., Zhi, D., Limdi, N., Palmer, N. D., Rich, S. S., Sale, M. M., Freedman, B. I. Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

The effects of vitamin K supplementation and vitamin K antagonists on progression of vascular calcification: ongoing randomized controlled trials
Conclusion Vitamin K deficiency may be a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in the haemodialysis population. Conversely, vitamin K antagonists may aggravate VC burden in haemodialysis patients. Several ongoing trials may provide an answer to these questions in the near future.
Source: CKJ: Clinical Kidney Journal - March 15, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Caluwe, R., Pyfferoen, L., De Boeck, K., De Vriese, A. S. Tags: CKD-MBD Source Type: research

Effects of blood pressure on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy: a post hoc analysis (ORIENT-blood pressure)
Conclusion In Asian type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease and heavy proteinuria, reduction of SBP ≤ 130 mmHg was associated with greater renoprotection than cardioprotection. However, our results emphasize the need to individualize BP targets in type 2 diabetes.
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - February 22, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Imai, E., Ito, S., Haneda, M., Harada, A., Kobayashi, F., Yamasaki, T., Makino, H., Chan, J. C. N. Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

Long-term effects following 4 years of randomized treatment with atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on hemodialysis
The 4D (Die Deutsche Diabetes Dialyse) Study was a randomized, double-blind trial comparing 4 years of treatment with atorvastatin to placebo in 1255 hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. The primary end point of cardiovascular events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) was non-significantly reduced by 8%. However, long-term effects remained uncertain. Therefore, surviving patients were invited to a follow-up survey done by questionnaire. Post-trial statin therapy was at nephrologist discretion, and outcomes were centrally adjudicated and analyzed by intention to treat and time to first event in the or...
Source: Kidney International - February 17, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Vera Krane, Kay-Renke Schmidt, Lena J. Gutjahr-Lengsfeld, Johannes F.E. Mann, Winfried März, Florian Swoboda, Christoph Wanner, 4D Study Investigators (the German Diabetes and Dialysis Study Investigators) Tags: Clinical Trial Source Type: research

Regulation of the epithelial Na+ channel by the mTORC2/SGK1 pathway
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is decisive for sodium reabsorption by the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN) of the kidney. ENaC is regulated by the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), a kinase genomically upregulated by several hormones including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. SGK1 is activated by the serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) isoform mTORC2. SGK1 knockout (sgk1–/– mice) impairs renal Na+ retention during salt depletion. The mTOR catalytic site inhibitor, PP242, but not mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, inhibits ENaC, decreases Na+ flux in isol...
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - January 25, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Lang, F., Pearce, D. Tags: REVIEWS - BASIC SCIENCE AND TRANSLATIONAL NEPHROLOGY Source Type: research

Multicentre randomized controlled trial of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker withdrawal in advanced renal disease: the STOP-ACEi trial
Background Blood pressure (BP) control and reduction of urinary protein excretion using agents that block the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system are the mainstay of therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Research has confirmed the benefits in mild CKD, but data on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use in advanced CKD are lacking. In the STOP-ACEi trial, we aim to confirm preliminary findings which suggest that withdrawal of ACEi/ARB treatment can stabilize or even improve renal function in patients with advanced progressive CKD. Methods The STOP-ACEi trial (tri...
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - January 25, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Bhandari, S., Ives, N., Brettell, E. A., Valente, M., Cockwell, P., Topham, P. S., Cleland, J. G., Khwaja, A., El Nahas, M. Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

Modulation of stroke risk in chronic kidney disease
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the leading cause of neurological disability worldwide, with huge economic costs and tragic human consequences. Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease are associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke. However, to date this has generated far less interest compared with the better-recognized links between cardiac and renal disease. Common risk factors for stroke, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking and atrial fibrillation, are shared with the general population but are more prevalent in renal patients. In addition, factor...
Source: CKJ: Clinical Kidney Journal - January 20, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Arnold, J., Sims, D., Ferro, C. J. Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR NEPHROLOGY Source Type: research

The Brain in Kidney Disease (BRINK) Cohort Study: Design and Baseline Cognitive Function
Conclusions Cognitive function was significantly worse in participants with eGFRs<30mL/min/1.73m2. Future BRINK analyses will measure risk factors for cognitive decline using the longitudinal data.
Source: American Journal of Kidney Diseases - January 11, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Patient survival and technique failure in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with prior stroke.
Conclusions: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with prior stroke had high rates of all-cause mortality and technique failure compared with those without prior stroke. Older age, lower BMI, and time to the first episode of peritonitis were independent risk factors of all-cause mortality in patients with prior stroke. PMID: 26634563 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Peritoneal Dialysis International - December 7, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Perit Dial Int Source Type: research

Acute kidney injury (AKI) outcome, a predictor of long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
CONCLUSION: Complete renal recovery after an episode of AKI in patients with normal baseline kidney function is associated with a lower risk of long-term MACE when compared with those who did not fully recover. PMID: 26636328 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Nephrology - December 4, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Omotoso BA, Abdel-Rahman EM, Xin W, Ma JZ, Scully KW, Arogundade FA, Balogun RA Tags: Clin Nephrol Source Type: research

Safety of warfarin therapy in chronic hemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study
Conclusion The results of this study suggested that warfarin use by HD patients might not be harmful in chronic state, while the safety for the initiation of warfarin therapy in HD patients remained to be determined.
Source: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology - December 1, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

The deleterious effects of arteriovenous fistula-creation on the cardiovascular system: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study.
CONCLUSION: In patients with end-stage renal failure, fistula-formation is associated with an increase in cardiac output, dilation of all cardiac chambers and deterioration in endothelial function. PMID: 25258554 [PubMed]
Source: International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease - November 28, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis Source Type: research

Comparative outcomes of predominant facility-level use of ferumoxytol versus other intravenous iron formulations in incident hemodialysis patients
Conclusions In incident HD patients, ferumoxytol showed similar short- to mid-term safety profiles with regard to cardiovascular, infectious and mortality outcomes compared with the more commonly used intravenous iron formulations IS and FG.
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - November 23, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Airy, M., Mandayam, S., Mitani, A. A., Chang, T. I., Ding, V. Y., Brookhart, M. A., Goldstein, B. A., Winkelmayer, W. C. Tags: Intra- and extracorporeal treatments of kidney failure Source Type: research