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Association of Changed Serum Brain Biomarkers With Perihematomal Edema and Early Clinical Outcome in Primary ICH Patients
Background: Perihematomal edema (PHE) following primary intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) affects the patient outcome. Also, serum biomarkers such as S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have been associated with ICHs outcome. We aimed to investigate the association between these biomarkers and PHE in ICH patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with primary ICH between January 2020 and August 2020 were evaluated. All participants underwent spiral brain computed tomography scans upon admission, and 48 to 72 hours later and quantification of initial hem...
Source: The Neurologist - July 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Admission Serum Calcium Level and Short-Term Mortality After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Secondary Analysis Based on a Norwegian Retrospective Cohort
ConclusionACSC is positively associated with 30-day mortality in IS patients, and the relationship between them is linear.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Endovascular Therapy for Intracranial Giant Cell Arteritis
ConclusionEndovascular treatment, including PTA with or without stenting or calcium channel blocker infusion, may be effective therapies in medically refractory GCA with intracranial stenosis.
Source: Clinical Neuroradiology - May 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Excitotoxicity, calcium and mitochondria: a triad in synaptic neurodegeneration
AbstractGlutamate is the most commonly engaged neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, acting to mediate excitatory neurotransmission. However, high levels of glutamatergic input elicit excitotoxicity, contributing to neuronal cell death following acute brain injuries such as stroke and trauma. While excitotoxic cell death has also been implicated in some neurodegenerative disease models, the role of acute apoptotic cell death remains controversial in the setting of chronic neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, it is clear that excitatory synaptic dysregulation contributes to neurodegeneration, as evidenced by...
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - January 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Exosomal microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents for Acute Ischemic Stroke: New Expectations
The morbidity and mortality rates of ischemic stroke (IS) are very high, and IS constitutes one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke includes excitotoxicity, calcium overload, oxygen radical injury, inflammatory reactions, necrosis/apoptosis, destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and other pathologic processes. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are critical to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebral infarctions resulting from ischemic stroke; and there is growing interest in the role of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatm...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - January 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association Between 18-FDG Positron Emission Tomography and MRI Biomarkers of Plaque Vulnerability in Patients With Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Conclusion: This study demonstrated novel correlations of non-invasive imaging biomarkers of inflammation-related plaque metabolism with morphological MRI markers of plaque instability. If replicated, our findings may support the application of combined MRI and PET to detect vulnerable plaque in future clinical practise and randomised trials.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - December 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

In the Kingdom of Triphasic Waves, White Matter Is the Eminence Grise
Conclusions: This is the first series to demonstrate convincingly the presence of TWs in patients with WMD in the absence of commonly cited risk factors. The authors hypothesize that less recognized risk factors of WMD and mild metabolic or infectious abnormalities may be drivers of TWs. With a growing elderly population, the presence of WMD will increase, and treating physicians need to look beyond the common causes of TWs.
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Biomarkers in the Prediction of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusion: Of the 5 biomarkers, there was enough evidence that MMP-9 has higher diagnostic accuracy for predicting the risk of HT before thrombolysis. MMP-9, ferritin, and NLR also predicted poor short-term outcomes.Cerebrovasc Dis
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Preconditioning Exercise in Rats Attenuates Early Brain Injury Resulting from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neuronal Apoptosis
AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a catastrophic form of stroke responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis are important in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) following SAH. Preconditioning exercise confers neuroprotective effects, mitigating EBI; however, the basis for such protection is unknown. We investigated the effects of preconditioning exercise on brain damage and sensorimotor function after SAH. Male rats were assigned to either a sham-operated (Sham) group, exercise (Ex) group, or no-exercise (No-Ex) group. After a 3-week exercise p...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Immuno-histological detection of resistant columnar units and vulnerable networks in the rat retina after asphyxia-induced transient cardiac arrest
CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the many defects, the surviving neuronal structures seemed to be able to maintain retinal functionality, which can be additionally improved by regenerative processes true to the "use it or lose it" dogma.PMID:34334436 | DOI:10.3233/RNN-211174
Source: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience - August 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Gerburg Keilhoff Maximilian Titze Uwe Ebmeyer Source Type: research

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