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Specialty: Psychiatry & Psychology

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Total 621 results found since Jan 2013.

SIG-sponsored Updates in Psychosomatics (SIG-UPs): Understanding the Pathophysiology of Catatonia Through Associated Neurologic Insults (Neuropsychiatry SIG)
Since its incorporation into Emil Kraepelin ′s construct of dementia praecox, catatonia has struggled to surpass nosological limitations to allow a broader understanding of the pathophysiology that ties the syndrome to its many associated disease processes. Among general medical conditions, recognized as precipitants of catatonia in 25% of cases,1 structural central nervous system (CNS) lesions have been described as one of the most prevalent causes. The characterization of catatonic features in the setting of diffuse and focal CNS injuries, such as cortical atrophy, stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and neoplasm, ca...
Source: Psychosomatics - August 17, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Daniel Fishman, Scott Beach, Davin Quinn, Durga Roy Source Type: research

Special Interest Groups - Updates in Psychosomatics (SIG-UPs): Alcohol Use Disorders in Women
While low to moderate alcohol use has shown to yield cardiovascular benefit, heavy alcohol intake has been associated with many adverse effects including increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, alcoholic liver disease, pancreatitis, as well as overall morbidity and mortality. Recent studies show a clear gender difference; women have an increased risk for all-cause mortality with moderate to heavy alcohol use.1 Worldwide statistics indicate 45% of women consume alcohol,1 stressing the need for careful screening and dual diagnosis treatment to decrease use and improve overall health outcomes.
Source: Psychosomatics - August 20, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Neeta Shenai, Jody Glance, Patrick Marshalek Source Type: research

Life Stress and Health: A Review of Conceptual Issues and Recent Findings
Life stress is a central construct in many models of human health and disease. The present article reviews research on stress and health, with a focus on (a) how life stress has been conceptualized and measured over time, (b) recent evidence linking stress and disease, and (c) mechanisms that might underlie these effects. Emerging from this body of work is evidence that stress is involved in the development, maintenance, or exacerbation of several mental and physical health conditions, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, anxiety disorders, depression, cardiovascular disease, chronic pain, human immunodeficiency virus/A...
Source: Teaching of Psychology - September 8, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Slavich, G. M. Tags: The Generalist ' s Corner Source Type: research

Fear, vulnerability and sacrifice: Drivers of emergency department use and implications for policy
Publication date: November 2016 Source:Social Science & Medicine, Volume 169 Author(s): Anastasia Hudgins, Kristin L. Rising Patients' existential fears of unknowns associated with illness and unusual bodily signs and symptoms are common, but unexamined drivers to the emergency department (ED). This paper examines a May 2015 case study of a 51-year-old low-income, recently insured, African American man in Philadelphia (USA) who had two recent ED visits for evaluation of frequent headaches and described fear of being at risk for a stroke. Through ethnographic methods and anthropological analyses we find that fear o...
Source: Social Science and Medicine - October 18, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The profession of neuropsychology in Spain: results of a national survey.
CONCLUSIONS: The field of neuropsychology in Spain is young and rapidly growing. There is a need to regulate professional neuropsychology, improve graduate curricula, enhance existing clinical training, develop professional certification programs, validate and create normative data for existing neuropsychological tests, and create new, culturally relevant instruments. PMID: 27684408 [PubMed - in process]
Source: The Clinical Neuropsychologist - October 23, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Olabarrieta-Landa L, Caracuel A, Pérez-García M, Panyavin I, Morlett-Paredes A, Arango-Lasprilla JC Tags: Clin Neuropsychol Source Type: research

The health, financial and distributional consequences of increases in the tobacco excise tax among smokers in Lebanon
Publication date: December 2016 Source:Social Science & Medicine, Volume 170 Author(s): Nisreen Salti, Elizabeth Brouwer, Stéphane Verguet Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for the leading causes of death worldwide, including cancer, heart disease and stroke. Most of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, where tobacco-related deaths are also rising rapidly. Taxation is one of the most effective tobacco control measures, yet evidence on the distributional impact of tobacco taxation in low- and middle-income countries remains scant. This paper considers the financial and health effects, by ...
Source: Social Science and Medicine - October 24, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Treatment of Steroid-Resistant Hashimoto ’s Encephalopathy with Misidentification Delusions and Catatonia
Though thyroid hormonal imbalance is closely connected to a diverse array of mental illnesses, Hashimoto ’s encephalopathy (HE) is particularly rare and poorly understood. HE is characterized by relapsing encephalopathy in association with Hashimoto’s disease and high titers of antithyroid antibodies.1 The diagnosis of HE has replaced the previous term of “steroid-responsive encephalopathy associ ated with antibodies to thyroperoxidase” (SREAT).2 The most frequently observed signs in HE include epileptiform seizures resistant to anticonvulsants, stroke-like episodes, focal neurological deficits, ataxia, confusion, ...
Source: Psychosomatics - October 26, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yujin Lee, Ellen House Source Type: research

Special Interest Groups —Updates in Psychosomatics (SIG-UPs): Alcohol Use Disorders in Women
Although low to moderate alcohol use has been shown to yield cardiovascular benefit, heavy alcohol intake has been associated with many adverse effects, including increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, alcoholic liver disease, pancreatitis, as well as overall morbidity and mortality. Recent studies show a clear sex difference; women have an increased risk for all-cause mortality with moderate to heavy alcohol use.1 Worldwide statistics indicate that 45% of women consume alcohol,1 stressing the need for careful screening and dual diagnosis treatment to decrease use and improve overall health outcomes.
Source: Psychosomatics - August 20, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Neeta Shenai, Jody Glance, Patrick Marshalek Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Special Interest Group-sponsored Updates in Psychosomatics (SIG-UPs): Understanding the Pathophysiology of Catatonia Through Associated Neurological Insults (Neuropsychiatry SIG)
Since its incorporation into Emil Kraepelin ׳s construct of dementia praecox, catatonia has struggled to surpass nosological limitations to allow a broader understanding of the pathophysiology that ties the syndrome to its many associated disease processes. Among general medical conditions, recognized as precipitants of catatonia in 25% of c ases,1 structural central nervous system (CNS) lesions have been described as one of the most prevalent causes. The characterization of catatonic features in the setting of diffuse and focal CNS injuries, such as cortical atrophy, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neoplasm, can help...
Source: Psychosomatics - August 17, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Daniel Fishman, Scott Beach, Davin Quinn, Durga Roy Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Use of the parallel beam task for skilled walking in a rat model of cerebral ischemia: A qualitative approach
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2017 Source:Learning and Motivation Author(s): Brian Ficiur, Jamshid Faraji, Gerlinde A.S. Metz The parallel beam task (PBT), in which animals walk across two elevated parallel beams, is commonly used to assess motor deficits in laboratory rodents. Performance of the PBT challenges postural balance, inter-limb coordination and skilled walking abilities, and is typically assessed by quantitative measures such as number of foot slips and/or successful traversals. We proposed that including qualitative movement analysis of skilled walking would increase resolution and sensitivity ...
Source: Learning and Motivation - January 2, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Studying the neural bases of prism adaptation using fMRI: A technical and design challenge.
Abstract Prism adaptation induces rapid recalibration of visuomotor coordination. The neural mechanisms of prism adaptation have come under scrutiny since the observations that the technique can alleviate hemispatial neglect following stroke, and can alter spatial cognition in healthy controls. Relative to non-imaging behavioral studies, fMRI investigations of prism adaptation face several challenges arising from the confined physical environment of the scanner and the supine position of the participants. Any researcher who wishes to administer prism adaptation in an fMRI environment must adjust their procedures e...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 29, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bultitude JH, Farnè A, Salemme R, Ibarrola D, Urquizar C, O'Shea J, Luauté J Tags: Behav Res Methods Source Type: research

Conceptualisation of the ‘good’ self-manager: A qualitative investigation of stakeholder views on the self-management of long-term health conditions
Publication date: March 2017 Source:Social Science & Medicine, Volume 176 Author(s): J. Ellis, E. Boger, S. Latter, A. Kennedy, F. Jones, C. Foster, S. Demain Healthcare policy in developed countries has, in recent years, promoted self-management among people with long-term conditions. Such policies are underpinned by neoliberal philosophy, as seen in the promotion of greater individual responsibility for health through increased support for self-management. Yet still little is known about how self-management is understood by commissioners of healthcare services, healthcare professionals, people with long-term con...
Source: Social Science and Medicine - January 22, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Services in the United States: Brief Report from a Survey of Clinical Neuropsychologists.
CONCLUSIONS: Prior published surveys suggest that clinical neuropsychologists have a growing involvement in rehabilitation services within the United States but with little clarity as to the actual characteristics of actual professional activities and practices. The present study aimed to provide such information and hopefully will be helpful in promoting additional systematic studies in this area. PMID: 28115326 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology - January 21, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Block C, Santos OA, Flores-Medina Y, Rivera Camacho DF, Arango-Lasprilla JC Tags: Arch Clin Neuropsychol Source Type: research

The Role of Chronic Psychosocial Stress in Explaining Racial Differences in Stress Reactivity and Pain Sensitivity
Conclusions: Accounting for psychosocial factors eliminated racial differences in stress reactivity but not racial differences in sensitivity to experimental pain tasks. Increased exposure to chronic stress may not explain AAs' increased pain sensitivity in laboratory settings.
Source: Psychosomatic Medicine - February 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Adverse Childhood Experiences Affect Health Risk Behaviors and Chronic Health of Iowans
This study replicates the original ACEs study (Felitti et al.American Journal of Preventive Medicine,14(4), 245 –258. doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8,1998) with a representative sample of adults in Iowa. Data come from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey of 2012 when ACE assessments were first introduced in Iowa by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). The majority of adults in Iowa (58%) have experienced at least one ACE, and depending on the type of ACE, co-occurrence of ACEs ranged from 76% to 97%. Health risk behaviors in adulthood, such as drinking, smoking, and obesity w...
Source: Journal of Family Violence - February 7, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research