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Specialty: Psychiatry & Psychology

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Total 621 results found since Jan 2013.

Task-appropriate visualizations: Can the very same visualization format either promote or hinder learning depending on the task requirements?
In a series of experiments, we tested a recently proposed hypothesis stating that the degree of alignment between the form of a mental representation resulting from learning with a particular visualization format and the specific requirements of a learning task determines learning performance (task-appropriateness). Groups of participants were required to learn the stroke configuration, the stroke order, or the stroke directions of a set of Chinese pseudocharacters. For each learning task, participants were divided into groups receiving dynamic, static-sequential, or static visualizations. An old/new character recognition ...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Soemer, Alexander; Schwan, Stephan Source Type: research

The Association Between Insomnia and Increased Future Cardiovascular Events: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Objectives: Insomnia may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the reported magnitude of the associations between sleep characteristics and CVD is inconsistent. We investigated the association between insomnia and the risk of developing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and/or stroke by using a nationwide, population-based cohort database in Taiwan. Methods: The analyses were conducted using information from a random sample of 1 million people enrolled in the nationally representative Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 44,080 individuals who were 20 years or older, including 22,...
Source: Psychosomatic Medicine - September 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Cognitive Deficits in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Surgical Candidates.
Abstract The role played by vessel disease in stroke-related cognition dysfunction is unclear. We assessed the impact of significant atherosclerotic disease on cognition-even in patients asymptomatic for stroke. We hypothesized that patients would perform poorly relative to controls, but that symptomatic/asymptomatic status (history of stroke/transient ischemic attack) would have no effect. Fifty-two carotid endarterectomy candidates with >60% carotid stenosis and 17 controls underwent a 60-min neuropsychological test protocol. Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients showed deficits in executive function, delayed...
Source: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology - December 10, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jackson DC, Sandoval-Garcia C, Rocque BG, Wilbrand SM, Mitchell CC, Hermann BP, Dempsey RJ Tags: Arch Clin Neuropsychol Source Type: research

Impairment of brain plasticity by brain inflammation.
The ability to learn and the ability to reshape brain circuits are regarded as some of the most remarkable and important features of the brain. This ability declines with age due to largely unknown reasons, and it also is altered following stroke. Brain aging is associated with a progressive increase of the levels of inflammatory cytokine in the brain. Likewise, stroke causes pronounced increases of inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Following stroke, plasticity of the cortical representation following sensory deprivation and visualized with [14C]-2-deoxyglucose autoradiography is impaired for several weeks. Likewise, pl...
Source: Zeitschrift fur Psychologie - August 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Witte, Otto W.; Kossut, Malgorzata Source Type: research

Validation of the NIH Toolbox in Individuals with Neurologic Disorders.
Conclusions: Data provide support for the validity of the NIHTB in individuals with neurologic conditions. PMID: 28334392 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology - March 18, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Carlozzi NE, Goodnight S, Casaletto KB, Goldsmith A, Heaton RK, Wong AW, Baum CM, Gershon R, Heinemann AW, Tulsky DS Tags: Arch Clin Neuropsychol Source Type: research

Heterogeneous effects of patient choice and hospital competition on mortality
Publication date: Available online 9 September 2018Source: Social Science & MedicineAuthor(s): Giuseppe Moscelli, Hugh Gravelle, Luigi Siciliani, Rita SantosAbstractWe examine whether the relaxation of constraints on patient choice of hospital in the English National Health Service in 2006 led to greater changes in mortality for hospitals which faced more rivals before the choice reform. We use patient level data from 2002 to 2010 for three high volume emergency conditions with high mortality risk: acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (288,279 patients), hip fracture (91,005 patients), stroke (214,103 patients). Since mortali...
Source: Social Science and Medicine - September 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Handwriting fluency in children: Impact and correlates.
This cross-sectional study aimed to (1) construct a model of handwriting fluency in children and (2) explore the impact of fluent handwriting and visual-motor integration on orthographic skills. In a Swiss sample of 93 fourth graders (mean age = 10 years, 7 months; SD = 6.58 months), handwriting speed and legibility were assessed by means of a copying task. Furthermore, automaticity of handwriting, stroke pressure, and stroke frequency were measured on a digitizing tablet, while visual-motor integration and orthographic skills were assessed by means of standardized tests. SEM modeling revealed that automaticity of handwrit...
Source: Swiss Journal of Psychology - March 31, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Wicki, Werner; Hurschler Lichtsteiner, Sibylle; Saxer Geiger, Andrea; Müller, Marianne Source Type: research

SSRI antidepressants are not associated with cerebral microbleeds or ischaemic vascular lesions
ABSTRACT FROM: Aarts N, Akoudad S, Noordam R, et al. Inhibition of serotonin reuptake by antidepressants and cerebral microbleeds in the general population. Stroke 2014; 45:1951–7. What is already known on this topic In observational cohort studies, small increases in risk of stroke and transient ischaemic attacks have been shown to be associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) antidepressants compared to no treatment for depression in the over 65 years age group when cardiovascular risk factors were adjusted.1 SSRI antidepressants might decrease platelet aggregation and increase bleeding2 bu...
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - July 23, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Morriss, R. Tags: Clinical trials (epidemiology), Epidemiologic studies, Neurology, Depressive disorder, Epidemiology Causes and risk factors Source Type: research

Functional Somatic Symptoms Across Cultures: Perceptual and Health Care Issues
This article provides a conceptual model that integrates sociocultural factors with symptom perception and health care use relevant to the different rates of functional somatic symptoms in emergency departments across nationalities. Considering these factors, future attempts to improve care for patients with functional disorders should enhance access to effective treatment for all patient groups, empower patients through education and early participation in the treatment process, and foster interdisciplinary collaboration among specialists from somatic and mental health disciplines.
Source: Psychosomatic Medicine - May 31, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Editorial Comment Source Type: research

The Effect of Bright Light Therapy on Sleep and Quality of Life in Patients With Poststroke Insomnia
This study was randomized, double blind, and placebo controlled. A 2-week trial was conducted on patients with mild-to-moderate stroke who had poststroke insomnia. Only patients who had experienced a first episode of stroke were enrolled in this study. Sleep parameters were measured using the Actiwatch Spectrum Pro for 7 days before and after light therapy. The instrument specifically collected data concerning sleep, mood state, fatigue, and subjective quality of life. Participants with poststroke insomnia received bright light therapy (10,000 lux) or placebo therapy for 30 minutes in the early morning. A total of 112 elig...
Source: Psychosomatic Medicine - December 20, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLES Source Type: research

Assessment and Functional Impact of Allocentric Neglect: A Reminder from a Case Study.
We report here that SR suffers from both viewer-centered (i.e., egocentric) and object-centered (i.e., allocentric) spatial neglect. Notably, unlike most neuropsychological and functional assessments that focus on egocentric deficits, a specialized neuropsychological figurative discrimination test (the Apples test) revealed SR's allocentric neglect. Further, using assessments sensitive to detect functional deficits related to allocentric neglect, we observed SR's difficulty in reading and using clocks, reflecting his object-centered errors in these everyday activities. SR's case suggests that allocentric-specific assessmen...
Source: The Clinical Neuropsychologist - April 8, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Shah PP, Spaldo N, Barrett AM, Chen P Tags: Clin Neuropsychol Source Type: research

Evaluation of an Advanced Mindfulness Program Following a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for Participants Suffering from Mental Fatigue After Acquired Brain Injury
Abstract Mental fatigue is, for many, a very distressing and long-term problem after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke. This will make it more difficult for the individual to return to work and resume social activities, and it can take several years to find the right balance between rest and activity in daily life, to find strategies and to accept the new situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an advanced mindfulness program following a MBSR program, designed for subjects suffering from long-term mental fatigue after a brain injury. The advanced program was based on The Brahma Vihar...
Source: Mindfulness - March 14, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Executive Function in Chronic Hypotension.
CONCLUSIONS: Group differences in stroke volume, cardiac output, and pre-ejection period suggest diminished beta-adrenergic myocardial drive during executive function processing in hypotension, in addition to increased baroreflex function. Although further research is warranted to quantify the extent of executive function impairment in hypotension, the results from correlation analysis add evidence to the notion that higher sympathetic inotropic influences and reduced parasympathetic cardiac influences are accompanied by better cognitive performance. PMID: 27957701 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Annals of Behavioral Medicine - December 11, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Duschek S, Hoffmann A, Reyes Del Paso GA, Ettinger U Tags: Ann Behav Med Source Type: research

Lifestyle and Neurocognition in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment
Conclusions: Higher levels of physical activity, aerobic fitness, and adherence to the DASH diet are associated with better neurocognitive performance in adults with CIND. These findings suggest that the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits could reduce the risk of neurocognitive decline in vulnerable older adults. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT01573546.
Source: Psychosomatic Medicine - June 30, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Effects of introducing a fee for “inpatient overstays” on the rate of death and readmissions across municipalities in Norway
This study examines the effects of the reform on the rate of death and readmissions occurring within 60 days of hospitalization. We use aggregated municipal data for years 2009, 2010, 2012–2014 (N = 1646) for Norwegian patients (age 18+) hospitalized in the same years for COPD/asthma, heart failure, hip fracture, and stroke. We stratify our analyses of the municipal data by these patient groups. Our linear regression models test for moderated (interaction) effects whereby associations between the reform and the rate of death and readmissions vary by whether or not patients were classified as ready for discharge and in ...
Source: Social Science and Medicine - April 11, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research