“Mindfulset”—harnessing or unleashing learning potential through mindfulness mindset.
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 116(3), Apr 2024, 466-488; doi:10.1037/edu0000839This research introduces the “Mindfulness Mindset Scale,” a concise and reliable tool designed to measure beliefs about the malleability of mindfulness skills. Study 1 (N = 285) revealed a single-factor structure through exploratory factor analysis, further validated in Study 2 (N = 286) using confirmatory factor analysis. Studies 3a (N = 266) and 3b (N = 320) revealed associations between the Mindfulness Mindset Scale and other measures of mindset, trait mindfulness, and coping, showing reasonable convergent and divergent validity....
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - March 28, 2024 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
No evidence that playing a linear number board game improves numerical skills beyond teaching as usual: A randomized controlled trial in 4- to 5-year-old primary school children.
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 116(3), Apr 2024, 411-425; doi:10.1037/edu0000857Early numerical skills are important not only for later mathematical achievement but for overall achievement and are associated with later income, health, and quality of life. Socioeconomic disparities in numerical skills are visible before children begin school, and widen throughout schooling. It is, therefore, important to support the development of early numerical skills in children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Previous studies have highlighted the effectiveness of linear number board games for improving early numerical skil...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - March 28, 2024 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Uncovering the timing and target: The unique longitudinal contribution of theory of mind to reading comprehension across elementary school.
This study aimed to examine the unique longitudinal role of theory of mind (ToM) on reading comprehension among primary school children, while controlling for other influencing factors. It also examined how this impact varies by grade, text genre, and processing level. A sample of 430 Chinese children in Grades 2, 4, and 6 was observed over a period of 6 months. For each grade, longitudinal hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the unique contribution of ToM to reading comprehension across different text genres and processing levels. By controlling for variables such as reading frequency, decoding, voc...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - February 8, 2024 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reading for university or for myself? Effects of context and beliefs about science on college students’ document selection.
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 116(3), Apr 2024, 317-345; doi:10.1037/edu0000849Previous research on document selection has found that college-level readers are generally able to differentiate trustworthy from less trustworthy sources. Yet, a preference for selecting trustworthy sources may depend on features of the reading situation and readers’ beliefs in science. In the current study, college students were tasked with selecting documents for either a university assignment or a personal project (external context manipulation) using documents that varied in the type of source (i.e., a source with scientific expe...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - December 21, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The relation between prior knowledge and learning in regular and gifted classes: A multigroup latent growth curve analysis.
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 116(2), Feb 2024, 278-296; doi:10.1037/edu0000848The relation between prior knowledge and learning has been investigated in many studies. However, a recent meta-analysis showed that most of these studies suffered from serious methodological shortcomings, as they failed to account for knowledge growth over time, possible ceiling effects for learners with high prior knowledge, moderating effects of learning environments, and possible confounds between intelligence or traits that refer to intellectual investment and prior knowledge. The present study avoided these limitations. A total of...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - December 21, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Classroom learning climate profiles: Combining classroom goal structure and social climate to support student school functioning and behavioral adaptation.
This study seeks to identify the configurations of classroom teaching practices, defined based on the classroom goal structures (mastery-approach, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance) and social climate (academic support, emotional support, mutual respect, and task-related interactions) to which a sample of 1,453 seventh graders (Mage = 12.71; 49.90% girls) report being exposed in their language and mathematics classes. This study also seeks to document the longitudinal associations between these profiles and various indicators of students’ school functioning (engagement, achievement) and behavioral adaptatio...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - December 21, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A longitudinal study of student hand raising: Stability and reciprocal dynamics with cognitive elaboration and academic self-concept.
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 116(2), Feb 2024, 297-315; doi:10.1037/edu0000838Hand raising is a key student behavior in everyday teacher–student interactions. Using a longitudinal research design, we explored the stability of hand raising and its directional relations with student learner characteristics over time. We observed students’ hand-raising behavior using video-recordings of 376 German high school students taken in multiple lessons during one school year. Results show that student hand raising seems to be a stable student behavior; nearly half of the variance observed is attributable to individual st...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 30, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Children’s understanding of scientific inquiry: The role of instructional support and comparison making.
The objective of the current study was to identify an effective learning environment for kindergarten students as they acquire an initial understanding of scientific inquiry activities (SIA) and a simple (idealized) scientific inquiry cycle (SIC). The study aimed to examine (a) the effects of instructional support and (b) the role of similarity across scientific phenomena illustrating the SIA/SIC in helping children acquire an initial understanding. The study used a randomized group treatment design with children aged 5–6 years (N = 231). Similarity of scientific phenomena and specificity of instructional support related...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 30, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Early prediction of math difficulties with the use of a neural networks model.
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 116(2), Feb 2024, 212-232; doi:10.1037/edu0000835The early prediction of math difficulties (MD) is important as it facilitates timely support. MD are multifaceted, and several factors are involved in their manifestation. This makes the accurate early prediction of MD particularly challenging. In the present study, we aim to predict MD in Grade 6 with kindergarten-age (age 6) measures by applying a neural networks model. We use a set of 49 variables assessed during kindergarten from the domains of early arithmetic skills, cognitive skills, the home learning environment, parental measur...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 30, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
What are they thinking? Exploring college students’ mental processing and decision making about COVID-19 (mis)information on social media.
In this study, we examined how 51 college students responded to incidental exposure to accurate and inaccurate COVID-19 information delivered via a simulated social media environment. Participants’ verbalizations during think-aloud protocols indicated numerous mental processes including cognition, metacognition, epistemic cognition, motivation, and emotions. Positively valanced mental processing was more often expressed with accurate COVID-19 information and negatively valanced mental processing was more often verbalized with misinformation. Negatively valanced evaluations of knowledge claims and sources predicted less e...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 30, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The unique importance of motivation and mindsets for students’ learning behavior and achievement: An examination at the level of between-student differences and within-student fluctuations.
This study examined the unique and interactive role of students’ quality of motivation, as defined in self-determination theory, and their mindsets about intelligence, as conceptualized in Dweck’s framework, in predicting a variety of learning outcomes (engagement, learning strategies, persistence, procrastination, and test anxiety) and achievement. Moving beyond past work, this study examined their effects both at the level of between-student differences and at the level of semester-to-semester fluctuations within students’ own functioning, thereby controlling for students’ cognitive ability. The study had a four-...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 2, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Subtypes of mathematics disability: A new classification method based on cognitive diagnostic models and their cognitive–linguistic correlates.
This study aims to classify subtypes of mathematics disability (MD) using a novel classification method, cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs), and examine whether domain-general skills, namely, linguistic, working memory, and spatial skills, were related to the identification of the subtypes. Participants were 454 children (246 boys; age: M ± SD = 88.66 ± 5.92 months), including 204 MD children and a control group of 250 low-achieving children, who were identified from a sample of 3,384 second graders in China. Six MD subtypes were classified: the symbolic and concept deficits group, the verbal and concept deficits group, ...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 2, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Latent profiles as predictors of response to instruction for students with reading difficulties.
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 116(3), Apr 2024, 363-376; doi:10.1037/edu0000832Prior research supports the need for elementary-aged students with reading difficulties (RDs) to receive explicit systematic small-group evidence-based reading instruction. Yet for many students, simply receiving evidence-based reading instruction in a small-group setting is insufficient to reach the progress milestones needed to meet grade-level reading standards. The current study examined whether (a) elementary school students with RD constitute homogeneous or heterogeneous groups when considering their basic language and cognitive s...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 2, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Unique and combined effects of quantitative mathematical language and numeracy instruction within a picture book intervention: A registered report.
Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 116(1), Jan 2024, 1-19; doi:10.1037/edu0000820Children’s early understanding of mathematics provides a foundation for later success in school. Identifying ways to enhance mathematical instruction is crucial to understanding the ideal ways to promote academic success. Previous work has identified mathematical language (i.e., the words and concepts related to early mathematical development such as more, same, or similar) as a key mechanism that can be targeted to improve children’s development of early numeracy skills (e.g., counting, cardinality, and addition). Current recommendati...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - November 2, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The need for relatedness in college engineering: A self-determination lens on academic help seeking.
This study draws on basic psychological needs (BPN) theory to investigate multiple ways that perceived relatedness is important for understanding students’ help-seeking behavior in college science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. Participants were 590 undergraduates (38% women; 65% European American, 24% Asian/Pacific Islander, 11% underrepresented minorities) who were enrolled in engineering coursework. We used structural equation modeling to examine the independent and interactive associations of students’ BPN satisfaction (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) with their help-seeking behavi...
Source: Journal of Educational Psychology - October 23, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
