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Is forebrain neurogenesis a potential repair mechanism after stroke?
Is forebrain neurogenesis a potential repair mechanism after stroke? Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, 1220 (July 2015). doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2015.95 Authors: Dragos Inta & Peter Gass
Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism - June 30, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dragos IntaPeter Gass Tags: acute stroke animal models brain recovery neural stem cells neuroregeneration Source Type: research

Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: an evolving field for stroke research
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Li-Ru Zhao, Alison Willing Stroke represents a severe medical condition that causes stroke survivors to suffer from long-term and even lifelong disability. Over the past several decades, a vast majority of stroke research targets neuroprotection in the acute phase, while little work has been done to enhance stroke recovery at the later stage. Through reviewing current understanding of brain plasticity, stroke pathology, and emerging preclinical and clinical restorative approaches, this review aims to provide new insights to adva...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - March 2, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research
Publication date: April–May 2018Source: Progress in Neurobiology, Volumes 163–164Author(s): Li-Ru Zhao, Alison WillingAbstractStroke represents a severe medical condition that causes stroke survivors to suffer from long-term and even lifelong disability. Over the past several decades, a vast majority of stroke research targets neuroprotection in the acute phase, while little work has been done to enhance stroke recovery at the later stage. Through reviewing current understanding of brain plasticity, stroke pathology, and emerging preclinical and clinical restorative approaches, this review aims to provide new insights ...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Histone deacetylase expression in white matter oligodendrocytes after stroke
Publication date: November 2014 Source:Neurochemistry International, Volume 77 Author(s): Haifa Kassis , Michael Chopp , Xian Shuang Liu , Amjad Shehadah , Cynthia Roberts , Zheng Gang Zhang Histone deacetylases (HDACs) constitute a super-family of enzymes grouped into four major classes (Class I–IV) that deacetylate histone tails leading to chromatin condensation and gene repression. Whether stroke-induced oligodendrogenesis is related to the expression of individual HDACs in the oligodendrocyte lineage has not been investigated. We found that 2days after stroke, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and mature olig...
Source: Neurochemistry International - November 4, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Partial MHC class II constructs as novel immunomodulatory therapy for stroke
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2016 Source:Neurochemistry International Author(s): Gil Benedek, Arthur A. Vandenbark, Nabil J. Alkayed, Halina Offner The worldwide prevalence of stroke continues to rise despite recent successes in treating acute ischemic stroke. With limited patient eligibility and associated risk of tPA and mechanical thrombectomy, new preventive and therapeutic modalities are needed to stave the rising wave of stroke. Inflammation plays a key role in brain damage after cerebral ischemia, and novel therapies that target pro-inflammatory cells have demonstrated promise for treatment for str...
Source: Neurochemistry International - October 31, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Contrasting roles of immune cells in tissue injury and repair in stroke: The dark and bright side of immunity in the brain
Publication date: Available online 27 February 2017 Source:Neurochemistry International Author(s): Aditya Rayasam, Martin Hsu, Gianna Hernández, Julie Kijak, Anders Lindstedt, Christian Gerhart, Matyas Sandor, Zsuzsanna Fabry Despite considerable efforts in research and clinical studies, stroke is still one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Originally, stroke was considered a vascular thrombotic disease without significant immune involvement. However, over the last few decades it has become increasingly obvious that the immune responses can significantly contribute to both tissue injury and protect...
Source: Neurochemistry International - February 26, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Role of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in neurovascular interactions during stroke
Publication date: Available online 27 May 2019Source: Neurochemistry InternationalAuthor(s): Akriti Srivastava, Pranay Srivastava, Rajkumar VermaAbstractStroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide and hence remains a major medical concern. Besides several pathological features, such as excitotoxicity, peri-infarct depolarization, acidosis, reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and necrosis, dysregulation of the immune system severely affects stroke outcomes. After stroke onset, microglia – the brain-resident macrophage immune cells – and peripheral immune cells affect stoke injury/recovery by releasing p...
Source: Neurochemistry International - May 28, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The peripheral immune response after stroke-A double edge sword for blood-brain barrier integrity.
Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated interface that separates the peripheral circulation and the brain. It plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of solutes, fluid, and cells at the blood-brain interface and maintaining the homeostasis of brain microenvironment for normal neuronal activity. Growing evidence has led to the realization that ischemic stroke elicits profound immune responses in the circulation and the activation of multiple subsets of immune cells, which in turn affect both the early disruption and the later repair of the BBB after stroke. Distinct phenotypes or subse...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - November 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Li Y, Zhu ZY, Huang TT, Zhou YX, Wang X, Yang LQ, Chen ZA, Yu WF, Li PY Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

Local and systemic metabolic alterations in brain, plasma, and liver of rats in response to aging and ischemic stroke, as detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2019Source: Neurochemistry InternationalAuthor(s): Umadevi V. Wesley, Vijesh J. Bhute, James F. Hatcher, Sean P. Palecek, Robert J. DempseyAbstractMetabolic dysfunction impacts stroke incidence and outcome. However, the intricate association between altered metabolic program due to aging, and focal ischemia in brain, circulation, and peripheral organs is not completely elucidated. Here we identified locally and systemically altered metabolites in brain, liver, and plasma as a result of normal aging, ischemic-stroke, and extended time of reperfusion injury. Comprehensive quantit...
Source: Neurochemistry International - January 30, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Promoting Brain Repair and Regeneration After Stroke: a Plea for Cell-Based Therapies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAfter decades of hype, cell-based therapies are emerging into the clinical arena for the purposes of promoting recovery after stroke. In this review, we discuss the most recent science behind the role of cell-based therapies in ischemic stroke and the efforts to translate these therapies into human clinical trials.Recent FindingsPreclinical data support numerous beneficial effects of cell-based therapies in both small and large animal models of ischemic stroke. These benefits are driven by multifaceted mechanisms promoting brain repair through immunomodulation, trophic support, circuit reorganizati...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - February 2, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Pharmacological Enhancement of Stroke Recovery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to discuss the recent literature relating to drugs for stroke recovery and to identify some of the challenges in conducting translational research for stroke recovery.Recent FindingsAdvances in our understanding of neural repair mechanisms in pre-clinical stroke models have provided insights into potential targets for drugs that enhance the repair/recovery process. Few drugs that act on serotonergic and dopaminergic systems have been tested in humans with mixed results. The FOCUS trial, a phase III study of early administration of fluoxetine for stroke recovery, failed to replicate...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - May 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Therapeutic Potential of Cytokines in Demyelinating Lesions After Stroke
AbstractWhite matter damage is a component of most human stroke and usually accounts for at least half of the lesion volume. Subcortical white matter stroke (WMS) accounts for 25% of all strokes and causes severe motor and cognitive dysfunction. The adult brain has a very limited ability to repair white matter damage. Pathological analysis shows that demyelination or myelin loss is the main feature of white matter injury and plays an important role in long-term sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunction. This suggests that demyelination is a major therapeutic target for ischemic stroke injury. An acute inflammatory reaction is...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - October 1, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Therapeutic Perspective for Ischemic Stroke.
Abstract Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which can be cultured in vitro from mononuclear cells in peripheral blood or bone marrow, express both hematopoietic stem cell and endothelial cell markers on their surface. They are believed to participate in endothelial repair and postnatal angiogenesis due to their abilities of differentiating into endothelial cells and secreting protective cytokines and growth factors. Mounting evidence suggests that circulating EPCs are reduced and dysfunctional in various diseases including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke. Therefore, EPCs have ...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 11, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhao YH, Yuan B, Chen J, Feng DH, Zhao B, Qin C, Chen YF Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

Age-specific transcriptional response to stroke
Abstract: Increased age is a major risk factor for stroke incidence and post-ischemic mortality. To develop age-adjusted therapeutic interventions, a clear understanding of the complexity of age-related post-ischemic mechanisms is essential. Transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery—a model that closely resembles human stroke—was used to induce cerebral infarction in mice of 4 different ages (2, 9, 15, 24 months). By using Illumina cDNA microarrays and quantitative PCR we detected a distinct age-dependent response to stroke involving 350 differentially expressed genes. Our analyses also identified 327 differen...
Source: Neurobiology of Aging - January 15, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Matthias W. Sieber, Madlen Guenther, Nadine Jaenisch, Daniela Albrecht-Eckardt, Matthias Kohl, Otto W. Witte, Christiane Frahm Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research

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