Role of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in neurovascular interactions during stroke

Publication date: Available online 27 May 2019Source: Neurochemistry InternationalAuthor(s): Akriti Srivastava, Pranay Srivastava, Rajkumar VermaAbstractStroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide and hence remains a major medical concern. Besides several pathological features, such as excitotoxicity, peri-infarct depolarization, acidosis, reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and necrosis, dysregulation of the immune system severely affects stroke outcomes. After stroke onset, microglia – the brain-resident macrophage immune cells – and peripheral immune cells affect stoke injury/recovery by releasing pro-inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines depending on their microenvironment. These pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines further affect integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and modulate immune infiltration after stroke. Among peripheral immune cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) play a critical role in stroke pathology which peaks between three and seven days post-stroke. BMDMs have been extensively studied for their role in exacerbation of stroke injury, however they have rarely been studied for their role in tissue repair. Nonetheless, these reparative roles are gaining attention since recent studies have shown either failure or worsening of long-term post-stroke recovery after blockade of peripheral immune infiltration. These diverse but paradoxical effects of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages encouraged us to summarize the late...
Source: Neurochemistry International - Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research