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Secondary Stroke Prevention in Cryptogenic Stroke and Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS)
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThe purpose of the study was to review the literature on cryptogenic stroke and embolic stroke of undetermined stroke (ESUS). Cryptogenic stroke according to TOAST criteria is a stroke which is not due to cardiogenic embolism, small vessel disease with lacunes or large vessel disease of brain supplying arteries. In the context of secondary stroke prevention studies, cryptogenic stroke is not operationally defined.Recent FindingsThe new concept of “embolic stroke of undetermined source” (ESUS) provides an operational definition. ESUS is diagnosed as a non-lacunar stroke on cerebral imaging a...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurosteroids: a novel promise for the treatment of stroke and post ‐stroke complications
AbstractStroke is the primary reason for death and disability worldwide, with few treatment strategies to date. Neurosteroids, which are natural molecules in the brain, have aroused great interest in the field of stroke. Neurosteroids are a kind of steroid that acts on the nervous system, and are synthesized in the mitochondria of neurons or glial cells using cholesterol or other steroidal precursors. Neurosteroids mainly include estrogen, progesterone (PROG), allopregnanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and vitamin D (VD). Most of the preclinical studies have confirmed that neurosteroids can decrease the risk of strok...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - September 5, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jiawei Xu, Yunxiang Zhou, Caochong Yan, Xiaoyu Wang, Jianyao Lou, Yi Luo, Shiqi Gao, Junjie Wang, Liang Wu, Xiangfu Gao, Anwen Shao Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Stroke subtypes and interventional studies for transient ischemic attack.
Authors: Lavallée P, Amarenco P Abstract Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is the most important risk factor for ischemic stroke. The risk is the highest in the first hours after symptom onset, and treatment must be initiated in emergency. In the acute phase, antithrombotic agent is probably the most important treatment, but it is not excluded that lipid-lowering agents and/or antihypertensive drugs are also important. For current guidelines, monotherapy of antiplatelet agent remains the gold standard in emergency. However, most recent data and meta-analysis support a combination therapy of clopidogrel and aspirin. ...
Source: Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience - December 2, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Front Neurol Neurosci Source Type: research

Prognostic Value of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Patients with Stroke.
Abstract We aimed to evaluate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and both clinical severity at admission and outcome at discharge in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). From June 2012 to October 2013, consecutive first-ever AIS patients admitted to the Department of Emergency of The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China were identified. Clinical information was collected. Serum 25(OH) D levels were measured at baseline. Stroke severity was assessed at admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Functional outcome was evalu...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang Y, Ji H, Tong Y, Zhang ZB Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Vitamin D status and its association with season, depression in stroke
ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency and insufficiency occur at high rates in acute stroke patients. Low serum vitamin D levels were associated with depression in patients with acute stroke as analyzed by both the absolute level of vitamin D and month-specific tertiles. Intervention studies are needed to determine the benefits of vitamin D supplementation for depression in poststroke patients.
Source: Neuroscience Letters - October 4, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Symptoms of Depression After 6 Months in Stroke Patients.
Abstract Our aim was to determine whether there was a relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) and post-stroke depression (PSD). Two hundred and forty-four ischemic stroke patients admitted to the hospital within the first 24 h after stroke onset were consecutively recruited and followed up for 6 months. Clinical information was collected. Serum 25[OH] D levels were measured at baseline. Based on the symptoms, diagnoses of depression were made in accordance with DSM-IV criteria for depression at 6-month after stroke. At 6-month, 91 patients (37.3 %) showed depression and in 60 patients (24.6 %) this...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 26, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yue W, Xiang L, Zhang YJ, Ji Y, Li X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The Role of Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) in Stroke Prevention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
This article reviews the available data on the use of NOACs for primary and secondary stroke prevention in AF patients and describes specific patient populations to guide clinician in making the informed decision regarding appropriate use of those agents. It also addresses the use of NOACs early after acute stroke and use of thrombolysis while on NOAC.
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - March 28, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Recurrent ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation
Publication date: Available online 28 March 2019Source: Journal of Clinical NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Ho Geol Woo, Inyoung Chung, Dong Seok Gwak, Baik Kyun Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Hee-Joon Bae, Moon-Ku HanAbstractThe etiology or rate of recurrent ischemic stroke according to dosing methods including drug adherence in patients taking non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) remain uncertain. We investigated the association between dosing methods including drug adherence achieved with NOACs and the presence of major vessel occlusion (MVO) in patients with ischemic stroke with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Fro...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - March 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Advances in Management of the Stroke Etiology One-Percenters
AbstractPurpose of ReviewUncommon causes of stroke merit specific attention; when clinicians have less common etiologies of stoke in mind, the diagnosis may come more easily. This is key, as optimal management will in many cases differs significantly from “standard” care.Recent FindingsRandomized controlled trials (RCT) on the best medical therapy in the treatment of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) have demonstrated low rates of ischemia with both antiplatelet and vitamin K antagonism. RCT evidence supports the use of anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonism in “high-risk” patients with antiphospholipid antibody...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - May 29, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

DVT Prevention in Stroke
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to discuss the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in stroke patients. We discuss use of oral anticoagulation and other interventions for the prevention of VTE. A new class of medications, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), have been successfully trialed for the prevention of VTE. We review the data and guidance statements for VTE prevention.Recent FindingsWarfarin and vitamin K antagonist drugs have been the mainstay of VTE prevention for decades. More recently, NOACs have become available for both stroke and systemic embolism prevention in n...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - September 18, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Importance of Educating Patients With Stroke About Vitamin D
ABSTRACT: There is a growing body of evidence linking vitamin D to more than only bone health. Researchers are discovering connections between low vitamin D levels and increased stroke risk, higher mortality, and poorer outcomes after stroke. Nurses need to be aware of ongoing research regarding vitamin D and include information about this important vitamin with patient education, especially for older patients admitted with stroke symptoms or risks.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing - November 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Clinical Nursing Focus Source Type: research

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency predicts poor outcome among acute ischemic stroke patients without hypertension
Publication date: Available online 3 May 2018 Source:Neurochemistry International Author(s): Bingjun Zhang, Yuge Wang, Yi Zhong, Siyuan Liao, Zhengqi Lu 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency is a frequent condition in patients who suffer acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and several studies suggested that it may be associated with a poorer prognosis. Whether this association is affected by hypertension is unclear. Our aim was to investigate the association between 25(OH)D levels and both clinical severity and outcome after 3 months in AIS patients stratified by the history of hypertension. Consecutive first-ever AIS patient...
Source: Neurochemistry International - May 3, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Interplay between mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke: An epigenetic connection
Publication date: Available online 24 May 2017 Source:Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Author(s): Parimala Narne, Vimal Pandey, Prakash Babu Phanithi The advent of epigenetics brought in a tectonic shift in the understanding of molecular basis of complex diseases like ischemic stroke (IS). Substantial scientific inquiry into the epigenetic basis of neurodegenerative diseases has bolstered the idea that altered carbon flux into central carbon metabolism and disturbed redox states govern the attendant transcriptional profiles through stochastic epigenetic changes. In view of an increasing understanding of the link betwee...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - May 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

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