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Stroke in Women
This article reviews sex differences in stroke risk and presentation, with a particular emphasis on the unique risk factors women experience throughout the lifespan. RECENT FINDINGS Although prior studies suggested women have worse outcomes after stroke, it is now clear that age, prestroke functional status, and comorbidities explain many of the differences between men and women in stroke severity, functional outcomes, and mortality. Several meta-analyses and large cohort studies have evaluated the risk factors for women related to reproductive factors and found that fewer years between menarche and menopause, pregnancy...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Sex and Gender Considerations in Episodic Migraine
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe seek to update readers on recent advances in our understanding of sex and gender in episodic migraine with a two part series. In part 1, we examine migraine epidemiology in the context of sex and gender, differences in symptomatology, and the influence of sex hormones on migraine pathophysiology (including CGRP). In part 2, we focus on practical clinical considerations for sex and gender in episodic migraine by addressing menstrual migraine and the controversial topic of hormone-containing therapies. We make note of data applicable to gender minority populations, when available, and summarize kn...
Source: Current Pain and Headache Reports - June 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels later in life
Objectives:We assessed whether hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in later life, possibly reflecting an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Background:Elevated CRP levels have been associated with hypertension in pregnancy and with CVD. Methods:We studied 2463 women from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study. Participants were categorized as nulliparous women (n = 219), women with a history of normotensive pregnancies (n = 1839), or women with a history of a hypertensive pregnancy (n = 405). Using multiple linear regression ...
Source: Journal of Hypertension - October 8, 2013 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Pregnancy Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Programming During and After Diabetic Pregnancy: Role of Placental Dysfunction and IUGR
This study demonstrated that the incidence of ischemic heart disease and death were three times higher among men with low birth weight compared to men with high birth weight (5). Epidemiological investigations of adults born at the time of the Dutch famine between 1944 and 1945 revealed an association between maternal starvation and a low infant birth weight with a high incidence of hypertension and coronary heart disease in these adults (23). Furthermore, Painter et al. reported the incidence of early onset coronary heart disease among persons conceived during the Dutch famine (24). In that regard, Barker's findin...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Time trends in pulmonary embolism: A matter of age and gender
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease . Pulmonary embolism (PE) is potentially lethal and is the most serious manifestation of VTE . Notably, PE is the leading preventable cause of death in hospitalized patients , and is the third most common cardiovascular cause of death after myocardial infarction and stroke in Western world . Risk factors for VTE and PE include old age, surgery, immobilization, trauma, fractures, cancer, pregnancy, puerperium, oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) . Genetic factors are also important in VTE risk and family history...
Source: Thrombosis Research - June 24, 2013 Category: Hematology Authors: Bengt Zöller Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Abstract Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a syndrome of amenorrhoea, sex steroid deficiency, and elevated gonadotropins in a woman aged more than two standard deviations below the mean age for menopause estimated for her reference population. In practical terms, it occurs spontaneously in 1 % of women before the age of 40 years. Apart from idiopathic POI, many women will have impaired ovarian function by age 40 years as a consequence of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Of identifiable causes of POI, the most common are concurrent autoimmune diseases such as thyroid and adrenal disease, and chromoso...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - September 3, 2014 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Causal inference and evidence-based recommendations in occupational health and safety research
In this issue of the Journal, a group of distinguished Nordic researchers, led by Anne Helene Garde and including four of our Associated Editors, present a discussion paper that originated from a workshop and provides detailed recommendations on night shift work (1). The recommendations are very clear: to protect workers ’ health, night shift schedules should have: (i) ≤3 consecutive night shifts; (ii) shift intervals of ≥11 hours; and (iii) ≤9 hours shift duration. For pregnant women, night work should be limited to one shift per week. The authors acknowledge that under circumstances allowing better possibi lities...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health - October 2, 2020 Category: Occupational Health Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

P –358 Characteristics of patients with inherited thrombophilia and anticoagulant treatment in repeated implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)
AbstractStudy questionDo patients with inherited thrombophilia associated to RIF and RPL benefit from anticoagulant therapy?Summary answerLow molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients with medium and high risk of hereditary thrombophilia, associated with RIF could improve the reproductive prognosis.What is known alreadyThrombophilia is a condition that can be acquired and/or inherited genetically, that is characterized by the predisposition of patients to form venous and arterial thromboembolic events. Inherited thrombophilia has been associated with different complications during pregnancy, such as RPL. Genetic variants...
Source: Human Reproduction - August 6, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Source Type: research