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Stroke-GAN Painter: Learning to paint artworks using stroke-style generative adversarial networks
AbstractIt is a challenging task to teach machines to paint like human artists in a stroke-by-stroke fashion. Despite advances in stroke-based image rendering and deep learning-based image rendering, existing painting methods have limitations: they (i) lack flexibility to choose different art-style strokes, (ii) lose content details of images, and (iii) generate few artistic styles for paintings. In this paper, we propose a stroke-style generative adversarial network, called Stroke-GAN, to solve the first two limitations. Stroke-GAN learns styles of strokes from different stroke-style datasets, so can produce diverse strok...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - August 17, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Post Stroke Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Neurovascular Remodeling: The Impact of Diabetes and Sex.
Abstract Diabetes increases the risk and severity of cognitive impairment, especially after ischemic stroke. Pathological remodeling of the cerebrovasculature has been postulated to contribute to poor neuronal repair and worsened cognitive deficits in diabetes. However, little is known about the effect of diabetes on the vascularization of hippocampus, a domain critical to memory and learning. Therefore we had two aims for this study: 1) to determine the impact of diabetes on hippocampal neurovascular remodeling and the resulting cognitive impairment after stroke using two models with varying disease severity, and...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - August 17, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Ward R, Valenzuela JP, Li W, Dong G, Fagan SC, Ergul A Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

A single exercise bout and locomotor learning after stroke: physiological, behavioral, and computational outcomes.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 29569729 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - March 23, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Charalambous CC, Alcantara CC, French MA, Li X, Matt KS, Kim HE, Morton SM, Reisman DS Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Scene text removal via cascaded text stroke detection and erasing
AbstractRecent learning-based approaches show promising performance improvement for the scene text removal task but usually leave several remnants of text and provide visually unpleasant results. In this work, a novel end-to-end framework is proposed based on accurate text stroke detection. Specifically, the text removal problem is decoupled into text stroke detection and stroke removal; we design separate networks to solve these two subproblems, the latter being a generative network. These two networks are combined as a processing unit, which is cascaded to obtain our final model for text removal. Experimental results dem...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - December 6, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Classification of functional and non-functional arm use by inertial measurement units in individuals with upper limb impairment after stroke
Conclusion: This work compares the validity of methods classifying stroke survivors’ real-life arm activities measured by wrist-worn sensors excluding whole-body movements. The determined optimal thresholds and machine learning classifiers achieved an equivalent accuracy and higher specificity than conventional thresholds. Our open-sourced classifier or optimal thresholds should be used to specify the intensity and duration of arm use.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 28, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Concurrent validity of machine learning-classified functional upper extremity use from accelerometry in chronic stroke
Conclusion: Our machine learning approach provides a valid measure of functional UE use. The accuracy, validity, and small footprint of this machine learning approach makes it feasible for measurement of UE recovery in stroke rehabilitation trials.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 22, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Using hormetic strategies to improve ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning against stroke.
Authors: Zhao H, Joo S, Xie W, Ji X Abstract Both ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) and ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) trigger endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia. IPreC is defined as a brief ischemia that protects against a subsequent severe ischemia, while IPostC refers to a series of brief cerebral blood vessel occlusions performed at reperfusion following an ischemic event. Hormesis describes a biphasic dose-response relationship in toxicology, where a low dose of toxicant stimulates and a high dose inhibits biological responses. In general, any minor stress will stimulate a biological...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - November 16, 2014 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Acute cardiovascular exercise does not enhance locomotor learning in people with stroke.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 29603752 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - March 31, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Roig M, de Las Heras B Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Motor planning poststroke: impairment in vector‐coded reach plans
We examined whether these vector and target reach‐planning codes are differentially affected after stroke. Participants with stroke and healthy controls made blocks of reaches that were grouped by target location (providing target‐specific practice) and by movement vector (providing vector‐specific practice). Reach accuracy was impaired in the more affected arm after stroke, but not distinguishable for target‐ versus vector‐grouped reaches. Reach velocity and acceleration were not only impaired in both the less and more affected arms poststroke, but also not distinguishable for target‐ versus vector‐grouped r...
Source: Physiological Reports - December 10, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: John‐Ross Rizzo, Todd E. Hudson, Andrew Abdou, Ira G. Rashbaum, Ajax E. George, Preeti Raghavan, Michael S. Landy Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Glutamate Transport and Preterm Brain Injury
Silvia Pregnolato1*, Elavazhagan Chakkarapani1, Anthony R. Isles2 and Karen Luyt1 1Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 2Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of child death worldwide and a top global health priority. Among the survivors, the risk of life-long disabilities is high, including cerebral palsy and impairment of movement, cognition, and beh...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Benefits of Motor Imagery for Human Space Flight: A Brief Review of Current Knowledge and Future Applications
Conclusion: How to Implement MI Into the Preparation and Mission of the Astronauts Motor imagery should ideally be performed before, during, and after exposure to microgravity to prepare for the lack of gravity, counteract the effects of weightlessness and promote the re-adaptation to normogravity. A quite similar theoretical viewpoint had been nicely proposed by Bock et al. (2015), who more specifically focused on the preparation period few days before landing. These authors developed two phases of individual MI training program to reach an optimal level of preparation before exposure to microgravity. In the first phase,...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 10, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The dynamics of cortical GABA in human motor learning.
This study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify the concentration of GABA in human motor cortex during a period of motor learning, as well as during a period of movement, and a period at rest. We report evidence for a reduction in the MRS-measured concentration of GABA specific to learning. Further, the GABA concentration early in the learning task was strongly correlated with the magnitude of subsequent learning: higher GABA concentrations were associated with poorer learning. The results provide an initial insight into the neurochemical correlates of cortical plasticity associated with motor learning, s...
Source: The Journal of Physiology - October 9, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Kolasinski J, Hinson EL, Divanbeighi Zand AP, Rizov A, Emir UE, Stagg CJ Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

A Hierarchy of corticospinal plasticity in human hand and forearm muscles.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 30839110 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - March 5, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Foysal KMR, Baker SN Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

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