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Total 43 results found since Jan 2013.

Iron Metabolism and Brain Development in Premature Infants
Yafeng Wang1,2,3, Yanan Wu2, Tao Li1,2,3, Xiaoyang Wang2,4 and Changlian Zhu2,3* 1Department of Neonatology (NICU), Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 2Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 4Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Got...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Glucose transporters in brain in health and disease.
Abstract Energy demand of neurons in brain that is covered by glucose supply from the blood is ensured by glucose transporters in capillaries and brain cells. In brain, the facilitative diffusion glucose transporters GLUT1-6 and GLUT8, and the Na+-D-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 are expressed. The glucose transporters mediate uptake of D-glucose across the blood-brain barrier and delivery of D-glucose to astrocytes and neurons. They are critically involved in regulatory adaptations to varying energy demands in response to differing neuronal activities and glucose supply. In this review, a comprehensive overview abo...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - August 12, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Koepsell H Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

A single, clinically relevant dose of the GABAB agonist baclofen impairs visuomotor learning.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 33085094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - October 21, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Johnstone A, Grigoras I, Petitet P, Capitão LP, Stagg CJ Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Prediction of Cardiac Mechanical Performance From Electrical Features During Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Simulation Using Machine Learning Algorithms
In this study, we predicted cardiac mechanical performance from features of electrical instability during ventricular tachyarrhythmia simulation using machine learning algorithms, including support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. We performed an electromechanical tachyarrhythmia simulation and extracted 12 electrical instability features and two mechanical properties, including stroke volume and the amplitude of myocardial tension (ampTens). We compared predictive performance according to kernel types of the SVR model and the number of hidden layers of the ANN model. In the SVR model, th...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 24, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Effect of antioxidants on functional recovery after in vitro-induced ischemia and long-term potentiation recorded in the pyramidal layer of the CA1 area of rat hippocampus.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of cognitive impairment. Antioxidants may be beneficial in brain diseases in which oxidative stress can be assumed. The effect of two antioxidants, stobadine and its new derivative coded SMe1EC2, was studied on post-ischemic functional recovery in the hippocampus of young and 18-month-old rats. The synaptic transmission was apparently absent after 6-min hypoxia/hypoglycemia in both age groups. Re-oxygenation resulted in negligible functional recovery in untreated slices, yet the presence of pyridoindoles tested elicited improved recovery upon re-oxygenation. SM...
Source: General Physiology and Biophysics - August 12, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Gasparova Z, Stara V, Stolc S Tags: Gen Physiol Biophys Source Type: research

Estimation of individual-specific progression to impending cardiovascular instability using arterial waveforms
Trauma patients with "compensated" internal hemorrhage may not be identified with standard medical monitors until signs of shock appear, at which point it may be difficult or too late to pursue life-saving interventions. We tested the hypothesis that a novel machine-learning model called the compensatory reserve index (CRI) could differentiate tolerance to acute volume loss of individuals well in advance of changes in stroke volume (SV) or standard vital signs. Two hundred one healthy humans underwent progressive lower body negative pressure (LBNP) until the onset of hemodynamic instability (decompensation). Continuously m...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - October 15, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Convertino, V. A., Grudic, G., Mulligan, J., Moulton, S. Tags: INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGIES Source Type: research

Are you bleeding? Validation of a machine-learning algorithm for determination of blood volume status: application to remote triage
In conclusion, a machine-learning algorithm developed from low-level physiological signals could reliably distinguish central hypovolemia from exercise, indicating that this device could provide battlefield remote triage capabilities.
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - March 1, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Rickards, C. A., Vyas, N., Ryan, K. L., Ward, K. R., Andre, D., Hurst, G. M., Barrera, C. R., Convertino, V. A. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Moving in extreme environments: what’s extreme and who decides?
Abstract Humans work, rest and play in immensely varied extreme environments. The term ‘extreme’ typically refers to insufficiency or excess of one or more stressors, such as thermal energy or gravity. Individuals’ behavioural and physiological capacity to endure and enjoy such environments varies immensely. Adverse effects of acute exposure to these environments are readily identifiable (e.g. heat stroke or bone fracture), whereas adverse effects of chronic exposure (e.g. stress fractures or osteoporosis) may be as important but much less discernable. Modern societies have increasingly sought to protect pe...
Source: Extreme Physiology and Medicine - June 11, 2014 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Modulation of acid-sensing ion channels: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.
Authors: Chu XP, Papasian CJ, Wang JQ, Xiong ZG Abstract Increases in extracellular proton concentrations, which takes place in physiological conditions such as synaptic signaling and pathological conditions such as tissue inflammation, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and epileptic seizure, activates a unique family of membrane ion channels; the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). All ASICs belong to amiloride-sensitive degenerin/epithelial Na(+) channel superfamily. Four genes encoded at seven sub-units have been identified. ASICs are expressed primarily in neurons and have been shown to play critical role...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - November 16, 2014 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Using stimulation of the diving reflex in humans to teach integrative physiology.
Abstract During underwater submersion, the body responds by conserving O2 and prioritizing blood flow to the brain and heart. These physiological adjustments, which involve the nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, are known as the diving response and provide an ideal example of integrative physiology. The diving reflex can be stimulated in the practical laboratory setting using breath holding and facial immersion in water. Our undergraduate physiology students complete a laboratory class in which they investigate the effects of stimulating the diving reflex on cardiovascular variables, which are recor...
Source: Advances in Physiology Education - December 1, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Choate JK, Denton KM, Evans RG, Hodgson Y Tags: Adv Physiol Educ Source Type: research

Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature
Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous systems of a wide variety of species from locust to human. The depolarization spreads slowly at a rate of only millimeters per minute by way of grey matter contiguity, irrespective of functional or vascular divisions, and lasts up to a minute in otherwise normal tissue. As such, SD is a radically different breed of electrophysiological activity compared with everyday neural activity, such as action potentials and ...
Source: Physiological Reviews - July 1, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Ayata, C., Lauritzen, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Spreading Depression, Spreading Depolarizations, and the Cerebral Vasculature.
Abstract Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous systems of a wide variety of species from locust to human. The depolarization spreads slowly at a rate of only millimeters per minute by way of grey matter contiguity, irrespective of functional or vascular divisions, and lasts up to a minute in otherwise normal tissue. As such, SD is a radically different breed of electrophysiological activity compared with everyday neural activity, such as acti...
Source: Physiological Reviews - July 1, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Ayata C, Lauritzen M Tags: Physiol Rev Source Type: research

Comparison of Compensatory Reserve During Lower Body Negative Pressure and Hemorrhage in Non-human Primates.
Abstract Compensatory reserve was measured in baboons (n=13) during hemorrhage (Hem) and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) using a machine learning algorithm developed to estimate compensatory reserve by detecting reductions in central blood volume during LBNP. The algorithm calculates compensatory reserve index (CRI) from normovolemia (CRI=1) to cardiovascular decompensation (CRI=0). The hypothesis was that Hem and LBNP will elicit similar CRI values, and that CRI would have higher specificity than stroke volume (SV) in predicting decompensation. Blood was removed in four steps: 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75%, and 25% of...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - March 29, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Hinojosa-Laborde C, Howard JT, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Convertino VA Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

The Insular Cortex and the Regulation of Cardiac Function.
Authors: Oppenheimer S, Cechetto D Abstract Cortical representation of the heart challenges the orthodox view that cardiac regulation is confined to stereotyped, preprogrammed and rigid responses to exteroceptive or interoceptive environmental stimuli. The insula has been the region most studied in this regard; the results of clinical, experimental, and functional radiological studies show a complex interweave of activity with patterns dynamically varying regarding lateralization and antero-posterior distribution of responsive insular regions. Either acting alone or together with other cortical areas including the ...
Source: Comprehensive Physiology - April 12, 2016 Category: Physiology Tags: Compr Physiol Source Type: research

Comparison of compensatory reserve during lower-body negative pressure and hemorrhage in nonhuman primates
Compensatory reserve was measured in baboons (n = 13) during hemorrhage (Hem) and lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) using a machine-learning algorithm developed to estimate compensatory reserve by detecting reductions in central blood volume during LBNP. The algorithm calculates compensatory reserve index (CRI) from normovolemia (CRI = 1) to cardiovascular decompensation (CRI = 0). The hypothesis was that Hem and LBNP will elicit similar CRI values and that CRI would have higher specificity than stroke volume (SV) in predicting decompensation. Blood was removed in four steps: 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75%, and 25% of total blood ...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - May 31, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Hinojosa-Laborde, C., Howard, J. T., Mulligan, J., Grudic, G. Z., Convertino, V. A. Tags: Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis Source Type: research