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Specialty: Neuroscience
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Total 286 results found since Jan 2013.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) facilitates verb learning by altering effective connectivity in the healthy brain
Publication date: Available online 17 July 2018Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Valentina Fiori, Lisa Kunz, Philipp Kuhnke, Paola Marangolo, Gesa HartwigsenAbstractRecent studies have shown that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) plays a key role in language learning. Facilitatory stimulation over this region by means of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can modulate linguistic abilities in healthy individuals and improve language performance in patients with post-stroke aphasia. Neuroimaging studies in healthy participants have suggested that anodal tDCS decreases task-related activity at the stimulated...
Source: NeuroImage - July 18, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Text detection in natural scene images based on color prior guided MSER
Publication date: 13 September 2018 Source:Neurocomputing, Volume 307 Author(s): Xiangnan Zhang, Xinbo Gao, Chunna Tian In this paper, we focus on text detection in natural scene images which is conducive to content-based wild image analysis and understanding. This task is still an open problem and usually includes two key issues: text candidate extraction and verification. For text candidate extraction, we introduce a color prior to guide the character candidate extraction by Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER). The principle of color prior acquirement is to obtain stroke-like textures with modified Stroke Width Tran...
Source: Neurocomputing - June 12, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
S3-2. Rewiring of a damaged neural pathway via a neural interface induces targeted reorganization of an extensive cortical area
Regaining the function of an impaired limb is highly desirable in individuals experiencing paralysis. One possible avenue to achieve this goal is through rewiring of preserved neural structures to bridge the interrupted pathway using a brain-computer interface. Here we demonstrated that monkeys with subcortical stroke were able to learn to use an artificial cortico-muscular connection (ACMC), brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation to the hand muscles, to regain volitional control of a paralyzed hand.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kenji Kato, Masahiro Sawada, Yukio Nishimura Source Type: research
Tert-butylhydroquinone post-treatment attenuates neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats
This study was undertaken to determine the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of TBHQ post-treatment on neonatal HI brain damage. Using a neonatal HI rat model, we demonstrated that TBHQ markedly abated oxidative stress compared to the HI group, as evidenced by decreased oxidative stress indexes, enhanced Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and DNA binding activity, and up-regulated expression of Nrf2 downstream antioxidative genes. Administration of TBHQ likewise significantly suppressed reactive gliosis and release of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited apoptosis and neuronal degeneration in the neonatal rat cerebral cortex....
Source: Neurochemistry International - April 14, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Resting-state functional connectivity predicts the ability to adapt arm reaching in a robot-mediated force field
This study investigated whether spontaneous resting-state functional connectivity could predict the degree of motor adaptation of right (dominant) upper limb reaching in response to a robot-mediated force field. Spontaneous neural activity was measured using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy adults before a single session of motor adaptation. The degree of beta frequency (β; 15–25 Hz) resting-state functional connectivity between contralateral electrodes overlying the left primary motor cortex (M1) and the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) could predict the subsequent degree of motor adaptation. Th...
Source: NeuroImage - April 4, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
S3-2. Rewiring of a damaged neural pathway via a neural interface induces targeted reorganization of an extensive cortical area
Regaining the function of an impaired limb is highly desirable in individuals experiencing paralysis. One possible avenue to achieve this goal is through rewiring of preserved neural structures to bridge the interrupted pathway using a brain-computer interface. Here we demonstrated that monkeys with subcortical stroke were able to learn to use an artificial cortico-muscular connection (ACMC), brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation to the hand muscles, to regain volitional control of a paralyzed hand.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 30, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kenji Kato, Masahiro Sawada, Yukio Nishimura Source Type: research
Robot Training With Vector Fields Based on Stroke Survivors’ Individual Movement Statistics
The wide variation in upper extremity motor impairments among stroke survivors necessitates more intelligent methods of customized therapy. However, current strategies for characterizing individual motor impairments are limited by the use of traditional clinical assessments (e.g., Fugl-Meyer) and simple engineering metrics (e.g., goal-directed performance). Our overall approach is to statistically identify the range of volitional movement capabilities, and then apply a robot-applied force vector field intervention that encourages under-expressed movements. We investigated whether explorative training with such customized f...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - February 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Rhythmic Extended Kalman Filter for Gait Rehabilitation Motion Estimation and Segmentation
This paper proposes a method to enable the use of non-intrusive, small, wearable, and wireless sensors to estimate the pose of the lower body during gait and other periodic motions and to extract objective performance measures useful for physiotherapy. The Rhythmic Extended Kalman Filter (Rhythmic-EKF) algorithm is developed to estimate the pose, learn an individualized model of periodic movement over time, and use the learned model to improve pose estimation. The proposed approach learns a canonical dynamical system model of the movement during online observation, which is used to accurately model the acceleration during ...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - February 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Automated Evaluation of Upper-Limb Motor Function Impairment Using Fugl-Meyer Assessment
The Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) is the most popular instrument for evaluating upper extremity motor function in stroke patients. However, it is a labor-intensive and time-consuming method. This paper proposes a novel automated FMA system to overcome these limitations of the FMA. For automation, we used Kinect v2 and force sensing resistor sensors owing to their convenient installation as compared with body-worn sensors. Based on the linguistic guideline of the FMA, a rule-based binary logic classification algorithm was developed to assign FMA scores using the extracted features obtained from the sensors. The algorithm is a...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - January 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Continuous and not continuous 2-week treadmill training enhances the performance in the passive avoidance test in ischemic gerbils
This study aims to investigate the frequency and total duration effects of the 2-week treadmill training after experimental ischemic stroke in the passive avoidance test. We performed bilateral occlusion of common external carotid arteries, for five minutes, in Mongolian gerbils. The training groups were: continuous training for twelve consecutive days or not continuous training for six non-consecutive days. The groups remained in the treadmill for 15min, with the speed set at 10m/min, and the training started 24h after the stroke. In the Shuttle Box, each animal had ten trials during the Learning Session (LS), which occur...
Source: Neuroscience Letters - December 16, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
An Automated Classification of Pathological Gait Using Unobtrusive Sensing Technology
This paper integrates an unobtrusive and affordable sensing technology with machine learning methods to discriminate between healthy and pathological gait patterns as a result of stroke or acquired brain injury. A feature analysis is used to identify the role of each body part in separating pathological patterns from healthy patterns. Gait features, including the orientations of the hips and spine (trunk), shoulders and neck (upper limb), knees and ankles (lower limb), are calculated during walking based on Kinect skeletal tracking sequences. Sequences of these features during three types of walking conditions were examine...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - December 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Online detection of amplitude modulation of motor-related EEG desynchronization using a lock-in amplifier: Comparison with a fast Fourier transform, a continuous wavelet transform, and an autoregressive algorithm
Conclusions These results indicate that the LIA improved the detection delay, accuracy, and stability for estimating amplitude modulation of motor-related SM1-ERD. This would be beneficial for BCI paradigms to facilitate neurorehabilitation in patients with motor deficits.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Methods - November 22, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Photobiomodulation for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke
Abstract
There is a notable lack of therapeutic alternatives for what is fast becoming a global epidemic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs red or near‐infrared (NIR) light (600–1100nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce swelling, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate microglial activation state. All these mechanisms of action strongly suggest that PBM delivered to the head should be beneficial in cases of both acute and chro...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michael R Hamblin Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Piloting a Sex-Specific, Technology-Enhanced, Active Learning Intervention for Stroke Prevention in Women
ABSTRACT: Background: Recent studies reveal deficiencies in stroke awareness and knowledge of risk factors among women. Existing stroke education interventions may not address common and sex-specific risk factors in the population with the highest stroke-related rate of mortality. Objective: This pilot study assessed the efficacy of a technology-enhanced, sex-specific educational program (“SISTERS”) for women’s knowledge of stroke. Methods: This was an experimental pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 150 women (mean age, 55 years) with at least 1 stroke risk factor. Participants were randomized to either...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing - November 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Article Source Type: research
CNS Summit 2017 Abstracts of Poster Presentations
Conclusion: This novel technology discriminates and quantifies subtle differences in behavior and neurological impairments in subjects afflicted with neurological injury/disease. KINARM assessments can be incorporated into multi-center trials (e.g., monitoring stroke motor recovery: NCT02928393). Further studies will determine if KINARM Labs can demonstrate a clinical effect with fewer subjects over a shorter trial period.
Disclosures/funding: Dr. Stephen Scott is the inventor of KINARM and CSO of BKIN Technologies.
Multiplexed mass spectrometry assay identifies neurodegeneration biomarkers in CSF
Presenter: Chelsky...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - November 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICNS Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools biomarkers Cognition Current Issue Drug Development General Genetics Medical Issues Neurology Patient Assessment Psychopharmacology Scales Special Issues Supplements Trial Methodology clinical trials CNS Su Source Type: research
