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Total 35 results found since Jan 2013.

Preventing protein-energy malnutrition after cortical stroke enhances recovery of symmetry in forelimb use during spontaneous exploration
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, e-First Articles. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) commonly arises after stroke. We investigated the effects of preventing PEM on spontaneous recovery of forelimb use, infarct size, and the acute phase response in the chronic post-stroke period. Male, adult, Sprague –Dawley rats were acclimatized to control diet (12.5% protein), tested for pre-stroke forelimb use symmetry in the cylinder test, and exposed to photothrombotic cortical stroke or sham surgery. Food intake was monitored daily, and body weight weekly. Forelimb use was tested on day 4 after surgery, before assignm...
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - April 8, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Larisa K. Matwee Mariam Alaverdashvili Gillian D. Muir Jonathan P. Farthing Sarah A. Bater Phyllis G. Paterson Source Type: research

Altered Jagged1-Notch1 Signaling in Enhanced Dysfunctional Neovascularization and Delayed Angiogenesis After Ischemic Stroke in HFD/STZ Induced Type 2 Diabetes Rats
This study was aimed to characterize structural alterations and potential mechanisms in brain microvessels before and after ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetic rats treated with high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ). Furtherly, we tested our hypothesis that dysregulated intercellular Jagged1-Notch1 signaling was involved in the dysfunctional cerebral neovascularization both before and after ischemic stroke in HFD/STZ rats. In our study, we found increased yet dysfunctional neovascularization with activated Jagged1-Notch1 signaling in the cerebrovasculature before cerebral ischemia in HFD/STZ rats compared with non-diab...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 8, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Neuromuscular and Muscle Metabolic Functions in MELAS Before and After Resistance Training: A Case Study
Conclusion To conclude, this study suggests a preserved plasticity in the skeletal muscle of a patient with MELAS. More importantly, Resistance Training appears to be a safe and effective method to increase skeletal muscle function in this patient population, and this effect is mediated by both neuromuscular and mitochondrial adaptations. However, particular attention and caution is needed in the interpretation of the data of this single case study and further studies are warranted including larger sample of patients. Ethics Statement For this case study the participant caregiver provided written informed consent. Auth...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

An Evaluation of Personal Cooling Systems for Reducing Thermal Strain Whilst Working in Chemical/Biological Protective Clothing
Conclusion: The IV, PCM, and SLIV produced lower heart rate, mean skin, rectal and mean body temperatures in addition to improved work times compared to control. The WS did not improve work times possibly as a result of the cooling capacity of the suit abating, and magnifying thermal insulation. Considering the added time and resources required to implement combination cooling in the form of ice slurry and ice vest (SLIV), there was no significant additive effect for perception, cardiovascular strain, rectal temperature and total trial time relative to the phase change vest or ice vest alone. This may be a product of a &#x...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Is Aberrant Reno-Renal Reflex Control of Blood Pressure a Contributor to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension?
This study demonstrated unaltered vascular conductance in response to lumbar sympathetic stimulation in CIH-exposed rats. Aortic compliance was increased and estimated blood volume was unchanged in CIH-exposed rats. Increased blood pressure was related to an increase in cardiac output, which was confirmed by echocardiography (Lucking et al., 2014). It is suggested therefore that hypertension in the CIH model can be evoked by over-excitation of the cardiac arm of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), even before mechanisms of enhanced peripheral vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction are initiated (Naghshin et al., 2009)....
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Iron Metabolism and Brain Development in Premature Infants
Yafeng Wang1,2,3, Yanan Wu2, Tao Li1,2,3, Xiaoyang Wang2,4 and Changlian Zhu2,3* 1Department of Neonatology (NICU), Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 2Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 4Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Got...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Cardiac adaptation to hypertension in adult female Dahl salt ‐sensitive rats is dependent on ovarian function, but loss of ovarian function does not predict early maladaptation
Abstract Aim of study was to examine experimentally the adult female hypertensive heart in order to determine the role of ovary function in the response of the heart to salt‐dependent hypertension. Dahl salt‐sensitive rats, age 12 weeks, with/without ovariectomy were fed a standard (0.3% NaCl) or high‐salt diet (8%) for 16 weeks. Mean arterial blood pressure monitored noninvasively in conscious state increased significantly by high salt. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and endpoint. Heart function and molecular changes were evaluated at endpoint by left ventricle catheterization, by sirius red staining f...
Source: Physiological Reports - February 8, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Stian Ludvigsen, Costantino Mancusi, Simon Kildal, Giovanni Simone, Eva Gerdts, Kirsti Ytrehus Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Atrial Transcriptional Profiles of Molecular Targets Mediating Electrophysiological Function in Aging and Pgc-1 β Deficient Murine Hearts
Conclusion: These findings limit the possible roles of gene transcriptional changes in previously reported age-dependent pro-arrhythmic electrophysiologial changes observed in Pgc-1β-/- atria to an altered Ca2+-ATPase (Atp2a2) expression. This directly parallels previously reported arrhythmic mechanism associated with p21-activated kinase type 1 deficiency. This could add to contributions from the direct physiological outcomes of mitochondrial dysfunction, whether through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or altered Ca2+ homeostasis. Introduction Atrial arrhythmias constitute a major public health pro...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Impaired Activity of Ryanodine Receptors Contributes to Calcium Mishandling in Cardiomyocytes of Metabolic Syndrome Rats
Conclusion Principal findings of this work are that abnormal Ca2+ transient amplitude, contractile dysfunction; and impaired relaxation of MetS cardiomyocytes underlies intrinsic dysfunctional RyR2 and SERCA pump. Abnormal activity of RyRs was evidenced by its decreased ability to bind [3H]-ryanodine. Although the MetS condition does not modify RyR2 protein expression, its phosphorylation at Ser2814 is decreased, which impairs its capacity for activation during ECC. The dysfunctional RyRs, together with a decreased activity of SERCA pump due to decreased Thr17-PLN phosphorylation suggest a downregulation of CaMKII in MetS...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Homocysteine-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction
Patients with diabetes, a methionine-rich meat diet, or certain genetic polymorphisms show elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy), which is strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease including diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, reducing Hcy with folate shows no beneficial cardiac effects. We have previously shown that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a byproduct of Hcy through transsulfuration by cystathionine beta synthase (CBS), donor mitigates Hcy-induced hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. However, the in vivo cardiac effects of H₂S in the context of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) have not been studied. We tes...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Early life undernutrition reduces maximum treadmill running capacity in adulthood in mice
In conclusion, gestational and postnatal undernourishment impairs exercise capacity.
Source: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism - July 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Logan A. Pendergrast Eric C. Leszczynski Joseph R. Visker Ashley N. Triplett David P. Ferguson Source Type: research

The contribution of chymase-dependent formation of AngII to cardiac dysfunction in metabolic syndrome of young rats: roles of fructose and EETs.
In conclusions, HFD-driven adverse chymase/AngII/AT1R/Nox/superoxide signaling in young rats was prevented by inhibition of sEH via at least in part, an EET-mediated stabilization of mast cells, highlighting chymase and sEH as therapeutic targets during treatment of MetS. PMID: 32167781 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Froogh G, Kandhi S, Duvvi R, Le Y, Weng Z, Alruwaili N, Ashe JO, Sun D, Huang A Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Short high ‐fat diet interferes with the physiological maturation of the late adolescent mouse heart
This study suggests that even a short period of high fat intake during late adolescence hinders maturation of the heart and causes physiological changes that may have an impact on the cardiac health in adulthood. AbstractDietary fats are essential for cardiac function. The metabolites of fats known as fatty acids provide most of the energy for cardiac tissue, serve as building blocks for membranes and regulate important signaling cascades. Despite their importance, excess fat intake can cause cardiac dysfunction. The detrimental effects of high ‐fat diet (HFD) on cardiac health are widely investigated in long‐term stud...
Source: Physiological Reports - July 7, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Heidi Hynynen, Maija Mutikainen, Nikolay Naumenko, Anastasia Shakirzyanova, Tomi Tuomainen, Pasi Tavi Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research

A high salt meal does not impair cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy young adults
A single high sodium meal compared to a low sodium meal does not impair cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia or hypocapnia in healthy adults. MCA, Middle Cerebral Artery. AbstractA high sodium (Na+) meal impairs peripheral vascular function. In rodents, chronic high dietary Na+ impairs cerebral vascular function, and in humans, habitual high dietary Na+ is associated with increased stroke risk. However, the effects of acute high dietary Na+ on the cerebral vasculature in humans are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if acute high dietary Na+ impairs cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy adults. Thirty...
Source: Physiological Reports - October 10, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Kamila U. Migdal, Austin T. Robinson, Joseph C. Watso, Matthew C. Babcock, Shannon L. Lennon, Christopher R. Martens, Jorge M. Serrador, William B. Farquhar Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research