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Ketamine improves neuronal recovery following spreading depolarization in peri ‐infarct tissues
We examined spreading depolarization (SD) waves in a mouse stroke model. SDs were initiated by focal potassium chloride application and propagated through a region of graded perfusion deficit created by distal middle cerebral artery (dMCA) occlusion. Longer lasting depolarizations (DC shifts measured from local field potential (LFP) electrodes) and neuronal Ca2+ transients (epifluorescence GCaMP imaging) occurred at locations with larger perfusion deficits (proximal to occlusion), as compared with remote recording sites (laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) of cerebral perfusion). Ketamine, at concentrations that did not ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - August 19, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Katelyn M. Reinhart, Russell A. Morton, K. C. Brennan, Andrew P. Carlson, C. William Shuttleworth Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

GPR39 Knockout Worsens Microcirculatory Response to Experimental Stroke in a Sex-Dependent Manner
Transl Stroke Res. 2022 Oct 1. doi: 10.1007/s12975-022-01093-6. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNo current treatments target microvascular reperfusion after stroke, which can contribute to poor outcomes even after successful clot retrieval. The G protein-coupled receptor GPR39 is expressed in brain peri-capillary pericytes, and has been implicated in microvascular regulation, but its role in stroke is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that GPR39 plays a protective role after stroke, in part due to preservation of microvascular perfusion. We generated GPR39 knockout (KO) mice and tested whether GPR39 gene deletion worsens cap...
Source: Cell Research - October 1, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Yifan Xu Wenri H Zhang Elyse M Allen Lev M Fedorov Anthony P Barnes Zu Yuan Qian Thierno Madjou Bah Yuandong Li Ruikang K Wang Robert E Shangraw Nabil J Alkayed Source Type: research

Three Dimensional-Arterial Spin Labeling Evaluation of Improved Cerebral Perfusion After Limb Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in a Rat Model of Focal Ischemic Stroke
CONCLUSION: Three dimensional (3D) ASL can be used to evaluate LRP to improve stroke perfusion, and its protective effect may be closely related to LRP-induced vascular regeneration.PMID:35847828 | PMC:PMC9280338 | DOI:10.3389/fnana.2022.893953
Source: Atherosclerosis - July 18, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tianxiu Zheng Xiaolan Lai Jiaojiao Lu Qiuyan Chen Dingtai Wei Source Type: research

An Optimal Animal Model of Ischemic Stroke Established by Digital Subtraction Angiography-Guided Autologous Thrombi in Cynomolgus Monkeys
ConclusionOur study may provide an optimal non-human primate model for an in-depth study of the pathogenesis and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Lithium upregulates growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in cultured neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and improves electrophysiological outcomes in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia following a long-term recovery period
CONCLUSION: Lithium upregulates BDNF, GAP-43, and PSD-95, which partly accounts for its improvement of neuroplasticity and provision of long-term neuroprotection in the ischemic brain.Abbreviations: BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; ECM: extracellular matrix; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GAP-43: growth-associated protein-43; GSK-3β: glycogen synthase kinase-3β; HBSS: Hank's balanced salt solution; LCBF: local cortical blood perfusion; LDF: laser-Doppler flowmetry; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate; NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; OCT: ...
Source: Neurological Research - March 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Shih-Huang Tai Sheng-Yang Huang Liang-Chun Chao Yu-Wen Lin Chien-Chih Huang Tian-Shung Wu Yan-Shen Shan Ai-Hua Lee E-Jian Lee Source Type: research

Drug development in targeting ion channels for brain edema.
Abstract Cerebral edema is a pathological hallmark of various central nervous system (CNS) insults, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and excitotoxic injury such as stroke. Due to the rigidity of the skull, edema-induced increase of intracranial fluid significantly complicates severe CNS injuries by raising intracranial pressure and compromising perfusion. Mortality due to cerebral edema is high. With mortality rates up to 80% in severe cases of stroke, it is the leading cause of death within the first week. Similarly, cerebral edema is devastating for patients of TBI, accounting for up to 50% mortality. Curr...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - August 26, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Luo ZW, Ovcjak A, Wong R, Yang BX, Feng ZP, Sun HS Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Rapid, label-free detection of cerebral ischemia in rats using hyperspectral imaging
ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the practical utility of HSI for the real-time detection of cerebral ischemia in rats. By providing rapid assessment of brain tissue perfusion, HSI may help doctors recognize ischemic regions quickly and precisely during surgery as well as have great utility in the experimental process.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Methods - October 19, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

CPCGI confers neuroprotection by enhancing blood circulation and neurological function in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats.
Authors: Miao Y, Wang R, Wu H, Yang S, Qiu Y Abstract The current study used a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model with the aim to explore the effects of compound porcine cerebroside and ganglioside injection (CPCGI) on brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Improvement in the infarct‑side microcirculation and the overall recovery of neurological function were detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, laser speckle blood flow monitoring, latex perfusion, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. The results revealed that administration of CPCGI for 7 consecutive days following ischemic ...
Source: Molecular Medicine Reports - July 21, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Mol Med Rep Source Type: research

Monitoring Acute Stroke Progression: Multi-Parametric OCT Imaging of Cortical Perfusion, Flow, and Tissue Scattering in a Mouse Model of Permanent Focal Ischemia
Cerebral ischemic stroke causes injury to brain tissue characterized by a complex cascade of neuronal and vascular events. Imaging during the early stages of its development allows prediction of tissue infarction and penumbra so that optimal intervention can be determined in order to salvage brain function impairment. Therefore, there is a critical need for novel imaging techniques that can characterize brain injury in the earliest phases of the ischemic stroke. This paper examined optical coherence tomography (OCT) for imaging acute injury in experimental ischemic stroke in vivo. Based on endogenous optical scattering sig...
Source: IEE Transactions on Medical Imaging - May 31, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research