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Reduction of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) aggravates cerebrovascular remodeling via promoting the proliferation of basilar smooth muscle cells in hypertension.
Abstract Uncontrollable vascular smooth cell proliferation is responsible for vascular remodeling during hypertension development. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the major enzyme detoxifying methylglyoxal, has a critical role in regulating proliferation of several cell types. However, little is known whether GLO1 is involved in cerebrovascular remodeling and basilar smooth muscle cell (BASMC) proliferation during hypertension. Here we explored the role of GLO1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cerebrovascular remodeling and proliferation of BASMCs and the underlying mechanisms. The protein expression of GLO1 in basilar art...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - August 12, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gao M, Sun L, Liu YL, Xie JW, Qin L, Xue J, Wang YT, Guo KM, Ma MM, Li XY Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

An update on clinical, pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic perspectives of childhood leukodystrophies.
Authors: Ashrafi MR, Amanat M, Garshasbi M, Kameli R, Nilipour Y, Heidari M, Rezaei Z, Tavasoli AR Abstract Introduction: Leukodystrophies constitute heterogenous group of rare heritable disorders primarily affecting the white matter of central nervous system. These conditions are often under-appreciated among physicians. The first clinical manifestations of leukodystrophies are often nonspecific and can occur in different ages from neonatal to late adulthood periods. The diagnosis is, therefore, challenging in most cases.Area covered: Herein, the authors discuss different aspects of leukodystrophies. The authors used...
Source: Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics - December 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Expert Rev Neurother Source Type: research

ClC-3 induction protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through promoting Beclin1/Vps34-mediated autophagy
AbstractAcute ischemic stroke is a devastating disease with very limited therapeutics. Growing appreciation of dysregulated autophagy contributes to the progression of brain ischemic injury, making it to be an appealing intervention target. In terms of its well-characterized consequences, the signal molecules required for autophagy activation are rather poorly defined. Here, we found the induction of chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) directly activated autophagy, which played an important role in limiting cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Further mechanism exploration discovered that the up-regulation of ClC-3 was criti...
Source: Human Cell - August 8, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Issue Cover (March 2021)
Front cover:Necrostatin ‐1 (Nec‐1) has been shown to inhibit necroptosis. The mitochondrial protein Bcl‐2/adenovirus E1B 19‐kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) activates a type of caspase‐independent cell death that is similar to necroptosis. Here we show that Nec‐1 is protective against death of neurons and olig odendrocytes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice and in ischemic stroke in rats by inhibiting BNIP3; Nec‐1 prevents BNIP3 from integration into mitochondria to block the BNIP3 cell death pathway. The data suggest that Nec‐1 is a novel inhibitor for BNIP3.Image Content: Nec‐1 preserves structur...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - April 2, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Issue Cover Source Type: research

Neuritin improves the neurological functional recovery after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
In this study, ICH was induced in C57BL/6 J mice by injection of collagenase VII, while the overexpression of Nrn in the striatum was induced by an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector. We found that compared with GFP-ICH mice, Nrn-ICH mice showed improved performance in the corner, cylinder and forelimb tests after ICH, and showed less weight loss and more rapid weight recovery. Overexpression of Nrn reduced brain lesions, edema, neuronal death and white matter and synaptic integrity dysfunction caused by ICH. Western blot results showed that phosphorylated PERK and ATF4 were significantly inhibited, while phos...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - May 31, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Junmei Lu Zhaoyang Li Qianru Zhao Dongdong Liu Yan-Ai Mei Source Type: research

Claudin-5 Affects Endothelial Autophagy in Response to Early Hypoxia
Hypoxic injury to cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) after stroke leads to blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, which is commonly associated with disruptions of endothelial tight junctions (TJs) and increased permeability. Therefore, maintaining the structural integrity and proper function of the BBB is essential for the homeostasis and physiological function of the central nervous system (CNS). Our previous study revealed that autophagy functions on protecting the BBB by regulating the dynamics of Claudin-5, the essential TJ protein, under short-term starvation or hypoxia conditions. Here, we show that in zebrafish...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 31, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Peripherally delivered Adeno-associated viral vectors for spinal cord injury repair
In conclusion, in the future, minimally invasive administration of AAVs may improve recovery after SCI with minimal side effects.PMID:34896114 | DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113945
Source: Experimental Neurology - December 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Jared D Sydney-Smith Aline B Spejo Philippa M Warren Lawrence D F Moon Source Type: research

Recognizing Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia
CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia is a serious complication of vaccination that is not feasible to anticipate or prevent. When the patient presents with sustained headache, neurologic symptoms/signs, abdominal pain, dyspnea, or limb pain/swelling beginning 5–30 days post vaccination, platelet count and d-dimer must be measured, and imaging for thrombosis performed. Confirmation of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia diagnosis should be ordered (platelet factor 4/polyanion enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; platelet factor 4–enhanced platelet activation testing) as treatm...
Source: Critical Care Medicine - December 20, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Review Article Source Type: research

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