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Evidence of Coronavirus (CoV) Pathogenesis and Emerging Pathogen SARS-CoV-2 in the Nervous System: A Review on Neurological Impairments and Manifestations
AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an issue of global significance that has taken the lives of many across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for its pathogenesis. The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature. Initially, it was thought to be limited to the respiratory system; however, we now recognize that COVID-19 also affects several other organs, including the nervous system. Two similar human coronaviruses (CoV) that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respirator...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - November 1, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children: A study from a tertiary care hospital of eastern India
Conclusion: CVST is an underdiagnosed but important cause of stroke in childhood, occurring most often in the neonatal period. Mortality and morbidity are significant. Infections hyper coagulative disorders are the two primary associations. Magnetic resonance venography is the investigation of choice. Early diagnosis with management along with plan for secondary prevention can save from catastrophic consequences.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences - January 19, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shubhankar Mishra Ashok K Mallick Geeta Mohanty Priyabrata Nayak Source Type: research

Poldip2 mediates blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebral edema by inducing AQP4 polarity loss in mouse bacterial meningitis model.
CONCLUSION: Poldip2 inhibition alleviated brain edema and preserved the integrity of BBB partially by relieving the loss of AQP4 polarity via MMPs/β-DG pathway. PMID: 32790044 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - August 11, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gao M, Lu W, Shu Y, Yang Z, Sun S, Xu J, Gan S, Zhu S, Qiu G, Zhuo F, Xu S, Wang Y, Chen J, Wu X, Huang J Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

Infantile tuberculous meningitis complicated by West syndrome
We describe three infants, who had tuberculous meningitis complicated by stroke and paradoxical tuberculoma, and, who later developed West syndrome.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sumeet R Dhawan Jitendra K Sahu Naveen Sankhyan Sameer Vyas Pratibha D Singhi Source Type: research

Pituitary aspergillus infection
We report a case of Aspergillus infection involving the pituitary gland and sellar region discovered in a 74-year-old man. The patient had a history of hypertension, chronic renal disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and presented with right eye pain, headaches and worsening hemiparesis. Imaging studies revealed a right internal carotid artery occlusion and an acute right pontine stroke along with smaller infarcts in the right middle cerebral artery distribution. Clinically, the patient was thought to have vasculitis. An infectious etiology was not identified. He developed respiratory distress and died. At autopsy, necroti...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - May 29, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Publication date: Available online 2 March 2016 Source:Journal of Clinical Neuroscience Author(s): Kevin Phan, Prashanth J. Rao, Mark Dexter Microvascular decompression (MVD) has been demonstrated to be an excellent surgical treatment approach in younger patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, it is not clear whether there are additional morbidity and mortality risks for MVD in the elderly population. We performed a systematic literature review using six electronic databases for studies that compared outcomes for MVD for TN in elderly (cut-off ⩾60, 65, 70years) versus younger populations. Outcomes examined...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - March 2, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

In-depth performance analysis of an EEG based neonatal seizure detection algorithm
Full term neonates with neurological conditions such as hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), stroke and meningitis are at high risk of developing seizures. There is accumulating evidence from animal models (Wirrell et al., 2001) and human studies (Glass et al., 2009) that neonatal seizures impose additional damage to the brain above and beyond the underlying aetiology. Prompt detection and treatment of seizures is therefore of paramount importance to optimize developmental outcome.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 20, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: S. Mathieson, J. Rennie, V. Livingstone, A. Temko, E. Low, R.M. Pressler, G.B. Boylan Source Type: research

Administration of Uric Acid in the Emergency Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine catabolism in humans, and it is the main endogenous antioxidant in blood. Low circulating UA levels have been associated with an increased prevalence and worse clinical course of several neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases of the CNS, including Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, the exogenous administration of UA exerts robust neuroprotective properties in experimental m...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - December 28, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Expression and Significance of the Plasma Let-7 Family in Anti- N -methyl- d -aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Abstract The study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of the plasma let-7 family in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Blood samples from 5 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and 5 negative controls were collected for microarray analysis. Blood samples from10 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients, 10 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients whose physical conditions have improved after 3 months of immunotherapy, 20 virus (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 20 tuberculosis (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 10 purulent (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 20 cerebral cysticercosis patient...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - June 23, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Inflammasomes in the CNS
Nature Reviews Neuroscience 15, 84 (2014). doi:10.1038/nrn3638 Authors: John G. Walsh, Daniel A. Muruve & Christopher Power Microglia and macrophages in the CNS contain multimolecular complexes termed inflammasomes. Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors for infectious agents as well as for host-derived danger signals that are associated with neurological diseases, including meningitis, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Assembly of an inflammasome activates caspase 1
Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience - January 8, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: John G. WalshDaniel A. MuruveChristopher Power Tags: Review Source Type: research