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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 861 results found since Jan 2013.
A New Angiographic Collateral Grading System for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Treated with Endovascular Therapy
AbstractPoor clinical outcomes despite endovascular therapy (EVT) are common in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). We aimed to develop a new angiographic collateral grading system for predicting 90-day functional outcomes of acute BAO after EVT. A prospectively registered consecutive cohort of acute BAO patients treated with EVT in our center during a 6-year period was reviewed. The angiographic collateral grading system for BAO (ACGS-BAO) included 4 grades for poor (grade 1 –2), intermediate (grade 3), and good (grade 4) collateral statuses. First, the independent association of ACGS-BAO with 90-day fun...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Characterization of CB2 Receptor Expression in Peripheral Blood Monocytes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
AbstractBoth preclinical and clinical evidence supports the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the pathobiology of cerebral ischemia. Selective cannabinoid-2 (CB2) receptor agonists exert significant neuroprotection in animal models of focal brain ischemia through a robust anti-inflammatory effect, involving both resident and peripheral immune cells. Nevertheless, no definitive studies demonstrating the relevance of CB2 receptors in human stroke exist.Using rtPCR and flow cytometry assays, we investigated CB2 receptor expression in circulating monocytes from 26 acute ischemic stroke patients and 16 age-matched he...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Relationship of Morphological-Hemodynamic Characteristics, Inflammation, and Remodeling of Aneurysm Wall in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
This study revealed that biomechanical stress and inflammation in aneurysm wall are correlated, which might suggest the pathological evidence of morphological-hemodynamic predictors for IA development.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Natural Killer Cells Are Present in Rag1 −/− Mice and Promote Tissue Damage During the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke
AbstractRag1−/− mice, lacking functional B and T cells, have been extensively used as an adoptive transfer model to evaluate neuroinflammation in stroke research. However, it remains unknown whether natural killer (NK) cell development and functions are altered in Rag1−/− mice as well. This connection has been rarely discussed in previous studies but might have important implications for data interpretation. In contrast, the NOD-Rag1nullIL2rgnull (NRG) mouse model is devoid of NK cells and might therefore eliminate this potential shortcoming. Here, we compare immune-cell frequencies as well as phenotype and effecto...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Acute T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detectable Cerebral Thrombosis in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality, particularly within the first 72 h after aneurysm rupture. We recently found ultra-early cerebral thrombosis, detectable on T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a mouse SAH model at 4 h after onset. The current study examined whether such changes also occur in rat at 24 h after SAH, the vessels involved, whether the degree of thrombosis varied with SAH severity and brain injury, and if it differed between male and female rats. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to an endovascular perforation SAH model or sham...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Zebrafish as a Model for In-Depth Mechanistic Study for Stroke
AbstractStroke is one of the world ’s leading causes of death and disability, posing enormous burden to the society. However, the pathogenesis and mechanisms that underlie brain injury and brain repair remain largely unknown. There’s an unmet need of in-depth mechanistic research in this field. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful tool in brain science research mainly due to its small size and transparent body, high genome synteny with human, and similar nervous system structures. It can be used to establish both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke models easily and effectively through different ways. After the establishm...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Extracellular Vesicle Application as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Ischemic Stroke
AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) accounts for most of the cases of stroke onset, and due to short therapeutic time window for thrombolysis and numerous limited treatment measures and contraindications, lots of patients cannot receive satisfying therapeutic effects resulting in high disability and mortality worldly. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanosized membrane-structured vesicles secreted from almost all cells, especially from stem/progenitor cells, have been reported to exert significant beneficial effects on IS from multiple approaches and notably ameliorate neurological outcome. Moreover, based on nan...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Vascular Sema3E-Plexin-D1 Signaling Reactivation Promotes Post-stroke Recovery through VEGF Downregulation in Mice
In this study, using a mouse model of transient brain infarction, we aimed to investigate whether Sema3E-Plexin-D1 signaling was involved in cerebrovascular remodeling after ischemic injury. We found that ischemic damage rapidly inducedSema3e expression in the neurons of peri-infarct regions, followed by Plexin-D1 upregulation in remodeling vessels. Interestingly, Plexin-D1 reemergence was concurrent with brain vessels entering an active angiogenic process. In line with this,Plxnd1 ablation worsened neurological deficits, infarct volume, neuronal survival rate, and blood flow recovery. Furthermore, reduced and abnormal vas...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Galectin-1 Contributes to Vascular Remodeling and Blood Flow Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia in Mice
AbstractGalectin-1 is found in the vasculature and has been confirmed to promote angiogenesis in several cancer models. Furthermore, galectin-1 has been demonstrated to improve the recovery of cerebral ischemia. However, whether vascular remodeling contributes to this improvement is still unknown. In the present study, photochemical cerebral ischemia was induced in both galectin-1-treated (2 μg/day,i.c.v, 3 days) and galectin-1 knockout mice. Laser speckle imaging and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that circulation and vascular remodeling in the ischemic cortex were improved by galectin-1 treatment but disrup...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Carbonyl Reductase 1 Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation
This study aims to observe the expression and role of carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1), an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase with specificity for carbonyl compounds such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), in the brain after ischemic injury and to investigate the influence of CBR1 on ischemia-induced neuroinflammation. CBR1 expresses in the neurons, astrocyte, and microglia in the normal brain. The expression of CBR1 decreased in the ischemic regions following cerebral ischemia, and also reduced in primary neurons after OGD (oxygen-glucose deprivation); however, the expression of CBR1 significantly increased in microglia in the ischemic ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Hypocapnia Induced by Hyperventilation with Indocyanine Green Kinetics Detects the Effect of Staged Carotid Angioplasty to Avoid Hyperperfusion in Patients with Impaired Cerebral Hemodynamic Reserve
AbstractCerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is a serious complication following carotid artery stenting (CAS). Staged angioplasty (AP) could potentially prevent CHS and hyperperfusion phenomenon (HPP) after revascularization. However, methods for measuring the effects of staged AP on cerebral hemodynamic reserve have not been established. Here, we evaluated whether indocyanine green kinetics and near-infrared spectroscopy (ICG-NIRS) with hypocapnia induced by hyperventilation can detect the effects of staged AP on hemodynamic reserve to prevent CHS after CAS. Participants comprised 44 patients at high risk of CHS, whose...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Electrophilic and Drug-Induced Stimulation of NOTCH3 N-terminal Fragment Oligomerization in Cerebrovascular Pathology
AbstractSmall vessel disease is a prevalent age-related condition linked to increased risk of dementia and stroke. We investigate the most commonly inherited form, CADASIL, caused by cysteine-involving mutations inNOTCH3. Recent studies highlight accumulation of NOTCH3 N-terminal fragmentation product (NTF) in disease. In vitro, NTF is capable of both spontaneous and catecholamine-enhanced cysteine-mediated oligomerization. Despite well-characterized genetic influence on CADASIL, environmental effects, including medication usage, on disease remain unclear. We studied effects of assorted electrophilic compounds and drugs on...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Targeted Temperature Management at 36 °C Shows Therapeutic Effectiveness via Alteration of Microglial Activation and Polarization After Ischemic Stroke
AbstractIschemic injury leads to cell death and inflammatory responses after stroke. Microglia especially play a crucial role in this brain inflammation. Targeted temperature management (TTM) at 33 °C has shown neuroprotective effects against many acute ischemic injuries. However, it has also shown some adverse effects in preclinical studies. Therefore, we explored the neuroprotective effect of TTM at 36 °C in the ischemic brain. To confirm the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia, mice were subjected to a permanent stroke and then treated with one of the TTM paradigms at 33 and 36 °C. For comparison of TTM at 33 ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Microglial Responses to Brain Injury and Disease: Functional Diversity and New Opportunities
This article reviews recent advances in our knowledge of microglia with emphases on molecular mediators of phenotype shifts and functional diversity. We describe microglia-targeted therapeutic opportunities, including pharmacologic modulation of phenotype and repopulation of the brain with fresh microglia. With the advent of powerful new tools, research on microglia has recently accelerated in pace and may translate into potential therapeutics against brain injury and neurological disease.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Role of Thrombin in Brain Injury After Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke
AbstractThrombin is increased in the brain after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke primarily due to the prothrombin entry from blood either with a hemorrhage or following blood-brain barrier disruption. Increasing evidence indicates that thrombin and its receptors (protease-activated receptors (PARs)) play a major role in brain pathology following ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (including intracerebral, intraventricular, and subarachnoid hemorrhage). Thrombin and PARs affect brain injury via multiple mechanisms that can be detrimental or protective. The cleavage of prothrombin into thrombin is the key step of hemostasis and...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
