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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 861 results found since Jan 2013.
An Ambiguous Role for Fever in Worsening Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10 –15% of all strokes and leaves most survivors with impairments. Fever, a rise in the thermoregulatory set point, complicates ICH. This review summarizes ICH fever studies and employs meta-analytic techniques to explore the relationship between fever and ICH. We discuss methodological consideration s for future studies and provide an overview of mechanisms by which fever, and its treatment, may impact ICH. We searched the PubMed database using the following terms: ((fever OR hyperthermia) AND (intracerebral hemorrhage OR intraparenchymal hemorrhage OR intracerebral ha...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Activation of RKIP Binding ASC Attenuates Neuronal Pyroptosis and Brain Injury via Caspase-1/GSDMD Signaling Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice
In conclusion, our findings indicated that activation of RKIP could attenuate neuronal pyroptosis and brain injury after ICH, to some extent, through ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Thus, RKIP may be a potential target to attenuate brain injury via its anti-pyroptosis effect after ICH.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 31, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Targeting Mfsd2a in hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Latest Findings and Critical Thinking on Future Study Design
AbstractRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated powerful efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. The effect of EVT for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) in the posterior circulation remains unproven. Here, we highlight the latest findings of observational studies and RCTs of EVT for BAO, with a focus on the predictors of functional outcomes, the limitations of recent RCTs, and critical thinking on future study design. Pooled data from large retrospective studies showed 36.4% favorable outcome at 3 months and 4.6% symptomatic intracranial hemorrh...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Too big, too small: selecting hematoma sizes for inclusion in intracerebral hemorrhage-deferoxamine trials
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Fronto-Parietal and White Matter Haemodynamics Predict Cognitive Outcome in Children with Moyamoya Independent of Stroke
We examined the relationship between regional haemodynamics and ratings of intellectual ability and executive function, using hypercapnic challenge blood oxygen level –dependent magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrovascular reactivity in a consecutive cohort of children with confirmed moyamoya. Thirty children were included in the final analysis (mean age: 12.55 ± 3.03 years, 17 females, 15 idiopathic moyamoya and 15 syndromic moyamoya). Frontal haemodyna mics were abnormal in all regardless of stroke history and comorbidity, but occipital lobe haemodynamics were also abnormal in children with syndromic moyamoya. E...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
tPA-NMDAR Signaling Blockade Reduces the Incidence of Intracerebral Aneurysms
AbstractIntracranial aneurysms (IAs) are pathological dilatations affecting cerebral arteries, and their ruptures lead to devasting intracranial hemorrhages. Although the mechanisms underlying the IA formation and rupture are still unclear, some factors have been identified as critical in the control of the vascular remodeling pathways associated with aneurysms. In a preclinical model, we have previously proposed the implication of the vascular serine protease, the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), as one of the key players in this pathology. Here, we provide insights into the mechanism by which tPA is implicated in...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association Between Regular Blood Pressure Monitoring and the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture: a Multicenter Retrospective Study with Propensity Score Matching
AbstractAlthough hypertension is a known risk factor for intracranial aneurysm rupture, the benefit of the management of blood pressure in reducing the rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms remains largely unknown, especially for regular blood pressure monitoring. We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of 3965 patients with saccular intracranial aneurysms from 20 medical centers in China. The patients were divided into the non-hypertensive group and hypertensive group. Propensity score matching was applied to identify a cohort of patients with similar baseline characteristics. Univari...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
High-Dose Vitamin C Prevents Secondary Brain Damage After Stroke via Epigenetic Reprogramming of Neuroprotective Genes
AbstractVitamin C has recently been identified as an epigenetic regulator by activating ten-eleven translocases (TETs), enzymes involved in generating DNA hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Currently, we investigated whether high-dose vitamin C promotes neuroprotection through epigenetic modulation of 5hmC, if there are sex-specific differences in outcome, and the therapeutic potential of vitamin C in stroke-related comorbidities in adult mice. Post-stroke treatment with ascorbate (reduced form), but not dehydroascorbate (oxidized form), increased TET3 activity and 5hmC levels and reduced infarct following focal ischemia. Hydro...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inflammasome-Regulated Pyroptotic Cell Death in Disruption of the Gut-Brain Axis After Stroke
We examined the time course of inflammasome protein expression in brain and intestinal lysate using western blot analysis at 1-, 3-, and 7-days post-injury for caspase-1, interleukin-1β, nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and apoptosis speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruiting domain (ASC) and gasderm in-D (GSDMD) cleavage. In a separate group of mice, we processed brain tissue 24 and 72 h after thrombotic stroke for immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal and endothelial cell pyroptosis. We examined intestinal tissue for morphological changes and pyroptosis of macrophages. We performed behavior al tests and...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common subtype of stroke and places a great burden on the family and society with a high mortality and disability rate and a poor prognosis. Many findings from imaging and pathologic studies have suggested that cerebral ischemic lesions visualized on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with ICH are not rare and are generally considered to be associated with poor outcome, increased risk of recurrent (ischemic and hemorrhagic) stroke, cognitive impairment, and death. In this review, we describe the changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and DWI lesions after ICH and discuss ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cerebral Microvascular Injury in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device: a Neuropathological Study
AbstractStrokes are common among patients with left ventricular devices (LVAD). We hypothesize that there is ongoing cerebral microvascular injury with LVAD support and aim to describe this among LVAD-implanted patients through post-mortem neuropathologic evaluation. We identified and reviewed medical records of LVAD patients who underwent brain autopsy between January 2006 and December 2019 at a tertiary center. Cerebral injury was defined as both gross and microscopic injuries within the intracranial space including cerebral infarct (CI), hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and cerebral m...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Novel Plant-Produced Asialo-rhuEPO Protects Brain from Ischemic Damage Without Erythropoietic Action
AbstractMammalian cell-produced recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPOM) has been shown to be a multimodal neuroprotectant targeting an array of key pathological mechanisms in experimental stroke models. However, the rhuEPOM clinical trials were terminated due to increased risk of thrombosis, largely ascribed to its erythropoietic function. We recently took advantage of a plant-based expression system lacking sialylation capacity to produce asialo-rhuEPOP, a rhuEPO derivative without sialic acid residues. In the present study, we proved that asialo-rhuEPOP is non-erythropoietic by repeated intravenous injection (44 μg...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Delayed rFGF21 Administration Improves Cerebrovascular Remodeling and White Matter Repair After Focal Stroke in Diabetic Mice
This study aims to evaluate the potential effects of rFGF21 on cerebrovascular remodeling after T2DM stroke. Permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in heterozygous non-diabetic db/ + and homozygous diabetic db/db mice. Daily rFGF21 administration was initiated 1 week after stroke induction and maintained for up to 2 weeks thereafter. Multiple markers associated with post-stroke recovery, including angiogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, white matter integrity, and neurogenesi s, were assessed up to 3 weeks after stroke. Our results showed an impairment in post-stroke vascular remodeling under T2D...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Beneficial Effect of Sodium Nitrite on EEG Ischaemic Markers in Patients with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
AbstractSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is associated with long-term disability, serious reduction in quality of life and significant mortality. Early brain injury (EBI) refers to the pathological changes in cerebral metabolism and blood flow that happen in the first few days after ictus and may lead on to delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI). A disruption of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is hypothesised as a key mechanism underlying EBI. A decrease in the alpha-delta power ratio (ADR) of the electroencephalogram has been related to cerebral ischaemia. In an experimental medicine study, we tested the hypothesis that intravenous...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
