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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 861 results found since Jan 2013.
Protective Effects of ShcA Protein Silencing for Photothrombotic Cerebral Infarction
This study suggests that the regulation of ShcA protein expression can be a therapeutic target for reducing brain damage with mitochondrial dysfunction caused by thrombotic infarction.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Irreversible Neuronal Damage Begins Just After Aneurysm Rupture in Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients
AbstractPathophysiological findings of early brain injury in humans have not permitted conclusive determinations. We explored the essence of this phenomenon by taking intraoperative cortical specimens of Hunt-Kosnik grades IV~V (poor-grade) subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH). From 2013 to 2017, we treated 39 consecutive poor-grade patients in 226 cases of aneurysmal SAH. Fourteen of the 39 patients agreed to this study following written informed consent. We took specimens from untouched areas prior to surgical intervention: cortex near the ruptured aneurysm for clipping, convexity cortex for cerebral ventricular drainage. Cort...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Refined Ischemic Penumbra Imaging with Tissue pH and Diffusion Kurtosis Magnetic Resonance Imaging
AbstractImaging has played a vital role in our mechanistic understanding of acute ischemia and the management of acute stroke patients. The most recent DAWN and DEFUSE-3 trials showed that endovascular therapy could be extended to a selected group of late-presenting stroke patients with the aid of imaging. Although perfusion and diffusion MRI have been commonly used in stroke imaging, the approximation of their mismatch as the penumbra is oversimplified, particularly in the era of endovascular therapy. Briefly, the hypoperfusion lesion includes the benign oligemia that does not proceed to infarction. Also, with prompt and ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Intra-hematomal White Matter Tracts Act As a Scaffold for Macrophage Infiltration After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
In conclusion, white matter fibers exist within the hematoma after ICH and macrophages/microglia may use such fibers as a scaffold to infiltrate into the hematoma and aid in hematoma clearance.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Increased Stroke Risk in Metabolically Abnormal Normal Weight: a 10-Year Follow-up of 102,037 Participants in China
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the risks of stroke in subjects with metabolically abnormal normal weight (MANW) in China. We recruited 102,037 participants from the Zhejiang Metabolic Syndrome Cohort and the Kailuan cohort. The mean years of follow-up were 9.9 years. General obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28, overweight by BMI < 28 and ≥ 24, and normal weight by BMI < 24 and ≥ 18.5. Metabolic abnormality was defined as two or more abnormal components (elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated systolic blood pressure or di...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Nicotine Exposure Along with Oral Contraceptive Treatment in Female Rats Exacerbates Post-cerebral Ischemic Hypoperfusion Potentially via Altered Histamine Metabolism
AbstractSmoking-derived nicotine (N) and oral contraceptives (OCs) synergistically exacerbate ischemic brain damage in the female, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our published study showed that N toxicity is exacerbated by OC via altered mitochondrial electron transport chain function. Because mitochondria play an important role in cellular metabolism, we investigated the global metabolomic profile of brains of adolescent and adult female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to N with or without OC (N+/ −OC). Rats were randomly exposed to saline or N+/−OC for 16–21 days followed by random allocation into two c...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Predicting Atrial Fibrillation with High Risk of Embolization with Atrial Strain and NT-proBNP
AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine markers of atrial dysfunction in patients with cryptogenic stroke to predict episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with high risk of embolization (HpAF). We classified patients included in the Crypto-AF study, Cryptogenic Stroke registry, to detect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) with wearable Holter, according to the longest episode of pAF in three groups: without pAF detection, episodes of pAF shorter than 5 h, and episodes of pAF longer than 5 h (HpAF). Atrial dysfunction surrogates were evaluated: EKG pattern, Holter record and echocardiography parameters (left...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Platelet Activation and Chemokine Release Are Related to Local Neutrophil-Dominant Inflammation During Hyperacute Human Stroke
This study provides human evidence of cerebral platelet activation and platelet-neutrophil interactions during AIS and points to the relevance of per-ischemic thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms to impaired reperfusion and worse functional outcome following recanalization.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Novel Mutation in COL4A1 Gene in a Chinese Family with Pontine Autosomal Dominant Microangiopathy and Leukoencephalopathy
We report a novel collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) gene mutation in a Chinese family with PADMAL. The index case was followed up for 6 years. Neuroimaging, whole-exome sequencing, skin biopsy, and pedigree analysis were performed. She initially presented with minor head injury at age 38. MRI brain showed chronic lacunar infarcts in the pons, left thalamus, and right centrum semiovale. Extensive workup was unremarkable except for a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Despite anticoagulation, PFO closure, and antiplatelet therapy, the patient had recurrent lacunar infarcts in the pons and deep white matter, as well as subcortical...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Extended Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Model to Mirror Stroke Patients Undergoing Thrombectomy
AbstractStroke remains a leading global cause of death and disability. In the last decade, the therapeutic window for mechanical thrombectomy has increased from a maximum of 6 to 24 h and beyond. While endovascular advancements have improved rates of recanalization, no post-stroke pharmacotherapeutics have been effective in enhancing neurorepair and recovery. New experimental models are needed to closer mimic the human patient. Our group has developed a model of transient 5-h occlusion in rats to mimic stroke patients undergoing thrombectomy. Our procedure was designed specifically in aged rats and was optimized based on...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 16, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Development of Machine Learning Models to Predict Probabilities and Types of Stroke at Prehospital Stage: the Japan Urgent Stroke Triage Score Using Machine Learning (JUST-ML)
AbstractIn conjunction with recent advancements in machine learning (ML), such technologies have been applied in various fields owing to their high predictive performance. We tried to develop prehospital stroke scale with ML. We conducted multi-center retrospective and prospective cohort study. The training cohort had eight centers in Japan from June 2015 to March 2018, and the test cohort had 13 centers from April 2019 to March 2020. We use the three different ML algorithms (logistic regression, random forests, XGBoost) to develop models. Main outcomes were large vessel occlusion (LVO), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), suba...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 14, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Machine Learning-Enabled Determination of Diffuseness of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations from Magnetic Resonance Angiography
AbstractThe diffuseness of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) is a significant factor in surgical outcome evaluation and hemorrhagic risk prediction. However, there are still predicaments in identifying diffuseness, such as the judging variety resulting from different experience and difficulties in quantification. The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning (ML) model to automatically identify the diffuseness of bAVM niduses using three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) images. A total of 635 patients with bAVMs who underwent TOF-MRA imaging were enrolled. Three...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibition of AMPA ( α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazole Propionate) Receptor Reduces Acute Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice
This study was conducted to evaluate if AMPAR activation induces acute blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption after SAH . C57BL/6 male adult mice (n = 117) underwent sham or filament perforation SAH modeling, followed by a random intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or two dosages (1 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg) of a selective noncompetitive AMPAR antagonist perampanel (PER) at 30 min post-modeling. The effects were evaluated by mortality, neurolog ical scores, and brain water content at 24–48 h and video electroencephalogram monitoring, immunostaining, and Western blotting at 24 h post-SAH. PER significantly suppressed po...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Development of Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tools for Risk Stratification of Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease Using Dual-Targeted Microparticles of Iron Oxide
AbstractIdentification of patients with high-risk asymptomatic carotid plaques remains a challenging but crucial step in stroke prevention. Inflammation is the key factor that drives plaque instability. Currently, there is no imaging tool in routine clinical practice to assess the inflammatory status within atherosclerotic plaques. We have developed a molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tool to quantitatively report the inflammatory activity in atherosclerosis using dual-targeted microparticles of iron oxide (DT-MPIO) against P-selectin and VCAM-1 as a smart MRI probe. A periarterial cuff was used to generate plaque...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ligands of the Neuropeptide Y Y2 Receptors as a Potential Multitarget Therapeutic Approach for the Protection of the Neurovascular Unit Against Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion: View from the Perspective of the Laboratory Bench
AbstractIschemic stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with no available satisfactory prevention or treatment approach. The current treatment is limited to the use of “reperfusion methods,” i.e., an intravenous or intra-arterial infusion of a fibrinolytic agent, mechanical removal of the clot by thrombectomy, or a combination of both methods. It should be stressed, however, that only approximately 5% of all acute strokes are eligible for fibrinolytic treatmen t and fewer than 10% for thrombectomy. Despite the tremendous progress in understanding of the pathomechanisms of cerebral ischemia...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
