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ID 312 – Sensorimotor modulation by botulinum Toxin A in post-stroke arm spasticity: Passive hand movement
The aim of the study was to locate brain activation changes in stroke patients treated with Botulinum Toxin A (BoNT) for arm spasticity using functional MRI (fMRI).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 11, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Hok, T. Veverka, P. Hlustik, A. Krobot, P. Kanovsky Source Type: research

ID 290 – Differences in sleep microstate curves among healthy sleepers and patients after stroke
Sleep deprivation, whether from disorder or lifestyle, poses a significant risk in daytime performance. Ischemic stroke resulting in cerebral lesions is a well-known acute disorder that leaves affected patients strongly vulnerable to sleep disturbances that often lead to the above-mentioned impairments. The aim of this study is to identify objective sleep patterns being potential sources of disturbed sleep in stroke patients.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 11, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Z. Rošt‘áková, R. Rosipal Source Type: research

ID 126 – Cortical connectivity and lesion volumes correlation in acute stroke patients: A study via graph theory from EEG data
Functional connectivity is essential for brain functions. Focal brain lesions could have important remote effects on the functions of distant brain regions even if outside the damaged area. Network dysfunction may contribute to neurological deficits observed for example after stroke. We explored how functional network characteristics, measured via EEG recordings, correlate with the lesion volume on MRI.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 11, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Vecchio, P. Caliandro, F. Miraglia, F. Piludu, C. Iacovelli, G. Lacidogna, G. Reale, C. Colosimo, P.M. Rossini Source Type: research

Evoked potentials as predictors of adverse outcomes after intracranial vascular procedures
Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring (NIOM) as a discipline struggles with outcome study design because of the ethical prohibition against placing patients in harm’s way. Now that NIOM has gained general acceptance based upon certain outcome reports, case series, historical controls, animal literature, an understanding of the physiology, and community acceptance, one cannot reasonably justify classical randomized controlled scientific study designs that risk stroke or paraplegia in the unmonitored arm.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 10, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marc R. Nuwer Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with chronic hand motor impairment after stroke
This study investigated the combined effects of anodal tDCS and intensive motor training (MT) vs. sham stimulation with MT (control intervention) on grip strength, motor performance and functional use of the affected arm.A total of 14 patients were randomly assigned to active stimulation treatment or a control intervention in a double-blinded, sham-controlled, parallel design. Each group received intensive MT for 45min/day, 5days/week, for 2weeks, preceded by 20min of 2mA anodal tDCS over the ipsilesional M1 vs.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - August 9, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N.V. Ilić, S. Milanović, E. Dubljanin-Raspopović, U. Nedeljković, T.V. Ilić Source Type: research

P5. Acute versus chronic lesion mapping: Methodological considerations from a study of arm motor functions
The method of lesion analysis is a tool widely used in cognitive neuroscience to conduct group studies with stroke patients associating cognitive dysfunctions with brain lesions. Although modern statistical lesion analysis (voxel wise lesion symptom mapping, VLSM) is an established tool there is still a lively debate about the time between stroke onset, neuroimaging and the assessment of cognitive functions. There are several reasons supporting acute/subacute or chronic neuroimaging or functional assessment.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Rennig, H. Planert, H.-O. Karnath Source Type: research

P12. Neural correlates of apraxia in mild dementia of Alzheimer’s disease – A voxel-based morphometry study
Apraxia is a neuropsychological syndrome with the hallmark of impaired imitation and/or pantomiming of gestures and postures despite normal motor function and comprehension. Whereas key brain regions for apraxia in patients with left-hemispheric stroke have been suggested, it is unclear whether similar areas contribute to praxis disturbances observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Johnen, L. Brandstetter, H. Lohmann, T. Duning Source Type: research

P99. Predictors of new cerebral microbleeds in patients with antiplatelet drug therapy
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an MRI marker of vascular damage in the brain and are associated with an increased risk for ischemic and especially hemorrhagic stroke. CMBs are known to be more prevalent in patients who take antiplatelet drug therapy, which is commonly used for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to identify patients at high risk for the development of new CMBs under antiplatelet drug therapy.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K. Menzler, M. Hausdörfer, C. Mayer, M. Belke, A. Gerstner, M. Teepker, R. Werner, H. Hamer, W. Oertel, F. Rosenow, S. Knake Source Type: research

P108. The effect of task effort on recovery-related brain activity following motor stroke assessed with FMRI and EEG
Spontaneous recovery of motor deficits after stroke evolve at a rather unpredictable fashion regarding the time and extend of skill reacquisition (Langhorne et al., Lancet, 2011). Previous longitudinal studies investigating brain activity during recovery from hand motor deficits point to an early overactivation of the motor network with a decrease back to near normal patterns later after stroke (Rehme et al., Neuroimage, 2012). Since patients regain force and skill during recovery, changes in neural activation over time could be explained by a decreased relative task effort over time.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Bönstrup, R. Schulz, B. Cheng, J. Feldheim, G. Thomalla, F. Hummel, C. Gerloff Source Type: research

P109. Parietofrontal motor pathways and their association with motor function after stroke
A stroke results in widespread alterations of motor-related brain activity and interregional interactions in the sensorimotor network. Numerous studies have investigated the functional relevance of the primary motor cortices (M1) and predominantly frontal and prefrontal secondary motor areas. Only few studies focused on the functional role of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) after stroke. Corticocortical interactions between M1, PMv and posterior parietal motor areas, such as the anterior (aIPS) and caudal intraparietal sulcus (cIPS) are relevant for skilled voluntary hand function.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Koch, R. Schulz, M. Zimerman, M. Wessel, M. Bönstrup, G. Thomalla, B. Cheng, C. Gerloff, F.C. Hummel Source Type: research

P153. Correlation of cortical inhibition and motor performance after mental training with the hand in patients after stroke
This study explored if mental practice targeting the hand modulates cortical excitability and improves function of the affected hand. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) was used to measure changes in the duration of the cortical Silent Period (cSP) and to analyze the amplitudes of motor evoked potentials (MEPs).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: I. Büsching, A. Sehle, J. Liepert Source Type: research

P174. Effects of left and right brain damage on anticipatory motor behavior during grasping and lifting with the ipsilesional hand
Behavioral studies in patients with left and right brain damage revealed the specialized function of both hemispheres in motor control. Recently, we investigated anticipatory grip force control in patients with stroke affecting the left or the right hemisphere during object lifting with the ipsilesional non-paretic hand. We found imprecise anticipation of grip force to the weight of everyday objects (like a carton with milk or a package of paper tissues) in patients with left brain damage while patients with right brain damage performed closer to normal.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Hermsdörfer, M. Bienkiewicz, N. Rohrbach, G. Buckingham Source Type: research

Effects of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Studies report that 50% to 81% of people who have a stroke experience swallowing problems (Hamdy, 2010; Meng et al., 2000). This impact is staggering when the cost implications and morbidity of post-stroke dysphagia are considered. Stroke patients with dysphagia cost more to treat (about $4,510 more per patient than a stroke patient without dysphagia) because their hospital stay is nearly doubled, they require more therapy, and they have more complications with worse outcomes (Bonilha et al., 2014; Altman et al., 2010).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 8, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jessica M. Pisegna, Asako Kaneoka, William G. Pearson, Sandeep Kumar, Susan E. Langmore Source Type: research

1-A-D-4. Effects of repetitive facilitative exercise with neuromuscular electrical stimulation, direct application of vibratory stimulation and repetitive transcranial stimulation of the hemiplegic hand in chronic stroke patients
Repetitive facilitative exercise (RFE) is a recently developed approach to the rehabilitation of hemiplegia. RFE can be integrated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), direct application of vibratory stimulation (DAVS), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to achieve further improvement. The aims of the present study were to retrospectively compare the effects of RFE and NMES+DAVS with those of RFE and rTMS and to determine the maximal effect of the combination of RFE with NMES, DAVS, rTMS and pharmacological treatments in chronic stroke patients.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 4, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Seiji Etoh, Tomokazu Noma, Shuji Matsumoto, Megumi Shimodozono, Kazumi Kawahira Source Type: research

1. Epileptic seizures in pediatric stroke: Data from the Italian Registry for Childhood Thrombosis
According to data from the Italian Registry for Childhood Thrombosis (R.I.T.I.), in about half cases diagnosis of pediatric stroke occurs after 24h from clinical onset (Baggio et al., SINP2013). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of seizures at stroke onset and their correlation with time to diagnosis in the pediatric stroke patients in the R.I.T.I. We selected the R.I.T.I. children with first acute arterial (AIS) or venous (CSVT) cerebral infarction occurring between January 2007 and June 2012; we studied prevalence, characteristics and recurrence of epileptic seizures, focusing on diagnostic delay.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - December 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: L. Baggio, S. Sartori, M. Nosadini, C. Gentilomo, P. Saracco, M. Agostini, B. Bassi, A. Palmieri, A.M. Laverda, P. Simioni, A. Suppiej, per il G.I.R.T.I. (Gruppo Italiano Registro Trombosi Infantili) Source Type: research

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