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P 105. Efficacy of Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rehabilitation of motor hand function in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury may depend on sensory impairment: A pilot study
Introduction: Impairment of motor function in Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with reduction in the excitability of motor cortical (M1) representations to muscles (), while recovery is associated with representational plasticity (). Noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS) such as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) increases M1 excitability, and has beneficial effects on retention of motor skill training in both the healthy and chronic stroke survivor (). However, sensory impairment may independently predict limits of recovery of functional independence ().Objective: This pilot study included incomple...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Ashworth-Beaumont, A. Nowicky Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 78. The prognostic value of motor-evoked potentials in motor recovery and functional outcome after stroke – a systematic review of the literature
Conclusions: TMS may be helpful in prognosis of motor recovery and functional outcome in stroke patients, and may become additional tool in making decision about qualification to rehabilitation ward and length of rehabilitation process. However, further studies are necessary to determine the real value of this method. The interpretation of the results of our review was complicated by methodological variation between the included studies.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Bembenek, K. Kurczych, M. Karlinski, A. Czlonkowska Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 84. High-frequency neuronavigated cerebellar repetitive Transcranial Magnetic stimulation (rTMS) increases human pharyngeal motor cortex excitability
Conclusions: Our data show for the first time that high-frequency (10Hz) cerebellar stimulation can produce long-lasting increases in human pharyngeal motor cortex excitability, with larger and longer-lasting effects of the intervention primarily seen in the contralateral projection. Hence 10Hz cerebellar rTMS may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of dysphagia after hemispheric stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: D. Vasant, S. Mistry, V. Jayasekeran, E. Michou, S. Hamdy Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 70. The role of parietal cortex in awareness of motor intention – human rTMS study
Conclusion: The neural processing in the left PC might be important for the awareness of the intention to move, because the duration from the intention to movement was prolonged after the transient suppression of the left PC. One previous study showed the decrease that duration in patients with PC lesion (Sirigu, 2004). However, there are another study reporting the normal W-judgment time in those patients (Lafargue, 2008). This controversy may be due to the functional compensation in the chronic stage. The functional suppression induced by rTMS may be similar to the acute one, so that the present results cannot be directl...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Ashizuka, Y. Ueki, T. Aso, M. Matsuhashi, H. Fukuyama, T. Mima Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 29. BDNF val66met polymorphism influences the time course of changes in corticospinal excitability induced by paired associative and transcranial direct current stimulation
It is widely appreciated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released in an activity dependent manner within the brain, and that it plays a key role in regulating synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arises at nucleotide 196 of the eponymous gene in humans. This gives rise to a valine to methionine substitution at codon 66 of the precursor protein. When assessed in animal models, the presence of this substitution is associated with impaired intracellular transport and reduced capacity for LTP.Differences between met carriers and val homozygotes have been ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B.D. Nelson, R.G. Carson Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 45. Brain stimulation-enhanced therapy for visual neglect
Conclusions: This is the first proof-of-principle demonstration that a single-shot, simple behavioural procedure combined with TDCS can remediate treatment-unresponsive chronic visual neglect. TDCS provoked a positive therapeutic response in patients who did not otherwise respond to the behavioural therapy. By enhancing the consolidation of prism therapy, TDCS increased both the gain and longevity of therapeutic response, yielding large, long-lasting improvements in visual neglect.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. O’Shea, P. Revol, H. Cousijn, J. Near, C. Stagg, G. Rode, Y. Rossetti Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 39. Enhanced visuo-spatial and language learning with tDCS
Efficacy and effectiveness of training in conditions like chronic post-stroke aphasia or neglect, or neurodegenerative disorders like mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease, remain moderate only. Thus, novel strategies to enhance training success and overall behavioural outcome are urgently needed. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation tool that is now being widely used in neuroscientific and clinical research in humans, modulating cortical excitability by application of weak electrical currents in the form of direct current brain polarization.In a series of st...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Flöel, W. Suttorp, M. Meinzer, C. Breitenstein Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 27. Brain stimulation in stroke therapy
Non-invasive brain stimulation has shown its potential to modulate brain plasticity and enhance the effects of training in humans (Zimerman et al., Ann Neurol; 2012). Endeavour has been made to utilize brain stimulation in neurological diseases to enhance adaptive processes and prevent potential maladaptive ones. First studies presented evidence that non-invasive brain stimulation might not only transiently improve functions of the paretic hand, but can also modulate processes of learning (Zimerman et al., Stroke; 2012), a basis to achieve longer lasting effects. Based on this enhancement of functional recovery of both, se...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F.C. Hummel Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 12. Plasticity in stroke patients: Why brain stimulation may (not) work
Advances in brain imaging techniques allow us to study not just what the brain looks like but how it works. When applied to people who have suffered a stroke this technology has demonstrated reorganization of the way surviving brain regions function. These findings give hope to the idea that new treatments can be designed and more effectively targeted towards individual patients.So how can we measure these changes in organization in the human brain? Brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have developed to the point where a detailed appreciation of the damage to brain structures and th...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N. Ward Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 22. Coupling of motor imagination and nervous system stimulation to induce cortical plasticity
We recently developed a novel technique for inducing plasticity in the human motor cortex by combining the physiologically generated signal when a person imagines a simple dorsiflexion task with the peripheral stimulation of the nerve that innervates the muscle involved in the task (). The subject activates the relevant brain areas via imagination and is provided with the expected afferent feedback via the single peripheral electrical stimulation to the target nerve. This protocol induced significant plasticity only when the afferent volley was timed to arrive during the peak negativity (PN) of the movement-related cortica...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N. Mrachacz-Kersting, N. Jiang, K. Dremstrup, D. Farina Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

S5-5. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with repetitive facilitation exercise in post-stroke patients
Repetitive magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces functional and structural plasticity, while repetitive facilitation exercises (RFEs) promote the functional recovery of the hemiplegic upper limb and hand to a greater extent than the conventional therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether multiple sessions of 1-Hz rTMS facilitated the effect of RFEs on hemiplegic upper-limb function in chronic post-stroke patients. The study design was a randomized double-blinded crossover study. Eighteen patients with hemiplegia of the upper limb, were assigned to two groups: the motor-before-sham rTMS group, which performed m...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shuji Matsumoto, Seiji Etoh, Kazumi Kawahira Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

S1-1. Spinal cord stimulation for post-stroke pain
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is used to treat for several types of intractable pain syndromes, but it is not commonly used for treating post-stroke pain. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the effects of SCS in patients with post-stroke pain. Neurological imaging and pharmacological analysis using thiopental, ketamine and morphine tests were conducted for 30 patients with post-stroke pain. For all patients, percutaneous electrodes were inserted under local anesthesia, and trial stimulation was performed for 5–7days. If the patient experienced pain relief during the trial stimulation, a pulse generator was implanted. ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Toshiki Obuchi, Mitsuru Watanabe, Koichiro Sumi, Toshikazu Kano, Kazutaka Kobayashi, Hideki Oshima, Chikashi Fukaya, Atsuo Yoshino, Takamitsu Yamamoto, Yoichi Katayama Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

S1-4. The effect of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in patients with intractable cervical dystonia and/or post-stroke central pain
In conclusion, rTMS is useful as one of the option in the treatment of intractable CD and CPSP.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Norihiro Muraoka, Minoru Shigemori, Fumihiko Koike, Masao Hiromatu, Keiko Suematu, Motohiro Morioka Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

4. ICU EEG study
This study suggests that long-term EEG monitoring in an unselected ICU population rarely influences treatment or outcome. In a selected population with known epilepsy the benefit may be larger.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 18, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Omar Khan, Christina Azevedo, Justin Montanye, Juan Gonzalez, Syed Arshad, Mark Natola, Stephen Surgenor, Richard Morse, Richard Nordgren, Krzysztof Bujarski, Gregory Holmes, Barbara Jobst, Vijay Thadani Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

Toward a better dexterity: Direction for future studies
Performing an accurate and adequate motor task is a key function in our daily living activities, and improvement of dexterity is a main concern especially in stroke survivors. Thus, the development of new strategies to improve motor learning and to promote stroke recovery is desirable.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 8, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Samar S. Ayache Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

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