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P 128. Predicting behavioural response to TDCS in chronic motor stroke
Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) of primary motor cortex (M1) can transiently improve paretic hand function in chronic stroke. However, responses are variable so there is incentive to try to improve efficacy or to predict response in individual patients. Both excitatory (Anodal) stimulation of ipsilesional M1 and inhibitory (Cathodal) stimulation of contralesional M1 can speed simple reaction time. Here we tested whether combining these two effects simultaneously, by using a bilateral M1–M1 electrode montage, would improve efficacy. We tested the physiological efficacy of Bilateral, Anodal or Cathodal TDCS ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. O’Shea, M.-H. Boudrias, C.J. Stagg, V. Bachtiar, J.U. Blicher, H. Johansen-Berg Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 102. Transcranial direct current stimulation for improving aphasia after stroke. First results of a systematic Cochrane Review
Conclusion: Our review showed that in some studies tDCS might facilitate word retrieval after stroke and hence might improve aphasia. However, it is still unclear if tDCS could improve functional communication. Thus further research seems to be needed.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B. Elsner, J. Kugler, M. Pohl, J. Mehrholz Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 105. Efficacy of Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rehabilitation of motor hand function in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury may depend on sensory impairment: A pilot study
Introduction: Impairment of motor function in Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with reduction in the excitability of motor cortical (M1) representations to muscles (), while recovery is associated with representational plasticity (). Noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS) such as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) increases M1 excitability, and has beneficial effects on retention of motor skill training in both the healthy and chronic stroke survivor (). However, sensory impairment may independently predict limits of recovery of functional independence ().Objective: This pilot study included incomple...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Ashworth-Beaumont, A. Nowicky Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 114. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in early treatment of post-stroke non-fluent aphasia
Conclusions: The findings provide only a weak evidence of A-tDCS behavioural gains during early neurorehabilitation of post-stroke aphasia. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of this kind of neuromodulation. Different modes and parameters of tDCS should be explored considering such important factors determining recovery from aphasia as type and severity of language impairment, lesion site and size, time since stroke, and degree of hemispheric language laterality.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K. Polanowska, M. Leśniak, J. Seniów Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 117. Can cerebellar theta burst stimulation improve recovery of cerebellar stroke patients?
Conclusion: These preliminary results provide novel evidence that cerebellar TBS can be used to promote functional recovery of patients with cerebellar stroke. These clinical improvement could be related to long-lasting changes in the excitability of cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: V. Ponzo, S. Bonnı̀, C. Caltagirone, G. Koch Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 84. High-frequency neuronavigated cerebellar repetitive Transcranial Magnetic stimulation (rTMS) increases human pharyngeal motor cortex excitability
Conclusions: Our data show for the first time that high-frequency (10Hz) cerebellar stimulation can produce long-lasting increases in human pharyngeal motor cortex excitability, with larger and longer-lasting effects of the intervention primarily seen in the contralateral projection. Hence 10Hz cerebellar rTMS may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of dysphagia after hemispheric stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: D. Vasant, S. Mistry, V. Jayasekeran, E. Michou, S. Hamdy Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 101. Transcranial direct current stimulation for improving function and activities of daily living in patients after stroke. First results of a systematic Cochrane-Review
Conclusion: Our review showed that in some studies tDCS might improve upper extremity function. However, it is still unclear if tDCS could improve generic ADL. Thus further research seems to be needed.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B. Elsner, J. Kugler, M. Pohl, J. Mehrholz Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 70. The role of parietal cortex in awareness of motor intention – human rTMS study
Conclusion: The neural processing in the left PC might be important for the awareness of the intention to move, because the duration from the intention to movement was prolonged after the transient suppression of the left PC. One previous study showed the decrease that duration in patients with PC lesion (Sirigu, 2004). However, there are another study reporting the normal W-judgment time in those patients (Lafargue, 2008). This controversy may be due to the functional compensation in the chronic stage. The functional suppression induced by rTMS may be similar to the acute one, so that the present results cannot be directl...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Ashizuka, Y. Ueki, T. Aso, M. Matsuhashi, H. Fukuyama, T. Mima Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 78. The prognostic value of motor-evoked potentials in motor recovery and functional outcome after stroke – a systematic review of the literature
Conclusions: TMS may be helpful in prognosis of motor recovery and functional outcome in stroke patients, and may become additional tool in making decision about qualification to rehabilitation ward and length of rehabilitation process. However, further studies are necessary to determine the real value of this method. The interpretation of the results of our review was complicated by methodological variation between the included studies.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Bembenek, K. Kurczych, M. Karlinski, A. Czlonkowska Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 29. BDNF val66met polymorphism influences the time course of changes in corticospinal excitability induced by paired associative and transcranial direct current stimulation
It is widely appreciated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released in an activity dependent manner within the brain, and that it plays a key role in regulating synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arises at nucleotide 196 of the eponymous gene in humans. This gives rise to a valine to methionine substitution at codon 66 of the precursor protein. When assessed in animal models, the presence of this substitution is associated with impaired intracellular transport and reduced capacity for LTP.Differences between met carriers and val homozygotes have been ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B.D. Nelson, R.G. Carson Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 39. Enhanced visuo-spatial and language learning with tDCS
Efficacy and effectiveness of training in conditions like chronic post-stroke aphasia or neglect, or neurodegenerative disorders like mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease, remain moderate only. Thus, novel strategies to enhance training success and overall behavioural outcome are urgently needed. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation tool that is now being widely used in neuroscientific and clinical research in humans, modulating cortical excitability by application of weak electrical currents in the form of direct current brain polarization.In a series of st...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Flöel, W. Suttorp, M. Meinzer, C. Breitenstein Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 45. Brain stimulation-enhanced therapy for visual neglect
Conclusions: This is the first proof-of-principle demonstration that a single-shot, simple behavioural procedure combined with TDCS can remediate treatment-unresponsive chronic visual neglect. TDCS provoked a positive therapeutic response in patients who did not otherwise respond to the behavioural therapy. By enhancing the consolidation of prism therapy, TDCS increased both the gain and longevity of therapeutic response, yielding large, long-lasting improvements in visual neglect.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. O’Shea, P. Revol, H. Cousijn, J. Near, C. Stagg, G. Rode, Y. Rossetti Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 22. Coupling of motor imagination and nervous system stimulation to induce cortical plasticity
We recently developed a novel technique for inducing plasticity in the human motor cortex by combining the physiologically generated signal when a person imagines a simple dorsiflexion task with the peripheral stimulation of the nerve that innervates the muscle involved in the task (). The subject activates the relevant brain areas via imagination and is provided with the expected afferent feedback via the single peripheral electrical stimulation to the target nerve. This protocol induced significant plasticity only when the afferent volley was timed to arrive during the peak negativity (PN) of the movement-related cortica...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N. Mrachacz-Kersting, N. Jiang, K. Dremstrup, D. Farina Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 27. Brain stimulation in stroke therapy
Non-invasive brain stimulation has shown its potential to modulate brain plasticity and enhance the effects of training in humans (Zimerman et al., Ann Neurol; 2012). Endeavour has been made to utilize brain stimulation in neurological diseases to enhance adaptive processes and prevent potential maladaptive ones. First studies presented evidence that non-invasive brain stimulation might not only transiently improve functions of the paretic hand, but can also modulate processes of learning (Zimerman et al., Stroke; 2012), a basis to achieve longer lasting effects. Based on this enhancement of functional recovery of both, se...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F.C. Hummel Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 12. Plasticity in stroke patients: Why brain stimulation may (not) work
Advances in brain imaging techniques allow us to study not just what the brain looks like but how it works. When applied to people who have suffered a stroke this technology has demonstrated reorganization of the way surviving brain regions function. These findings give hope to the idea that new treatments can be designed and more effectively targeted towards individual patients.So how can we measure these changes in organization in the human brain? Brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have developed to the point where a detailed appreciation of the damage to brain structures and th...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: N. Ward Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

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