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Total 30 results found since Jan 2013.

Cardiovascular risks and management during Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder treatment with methylphenidate.
Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common of the pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders. Methylphenidate is an important element of therapeutic strategies for ADHD. Clinicians are interested in the safety of methylphenidate. Because this drug raises heart rate and blood pressure, concerns have been raised about its cardiovascular safety. Concerns were based on case reports of sudden cardiac death in methylphenidate users, plausible pharmacological pathways involving well-established stimulant effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Until recently, data were limited to a num...
Source: Archives de Pediatrie - December 2, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bange F, Le Heuzey MF, Acquaviva E, Delorme R, Mouren MC Tags: Arch Pediatr Source Type: research

Aberrant CaMKII activity in the medial prefrontal cortex is associated with cognitive dysfunction in ADHD model rats.
Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurobehavioral disorder accompanied by cognitive and learning deficits, which is prevalent among boys. Juvenile male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) exhibit ADHD-like behaviors including cognitive deficits and represent one animal model of ADHD. Here, we define a mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction observed in SHRSP. Acute methylphenidate (MPH: 1mg/kg, p.o.) administration to SHRSP significantly improved not only inattention in a Y-maze task but also cognitive dysfunction in a novel object recognition test. Int...
Source: Brain Research - February 19, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Yabuki Y, Shioda N, Maeda T, Hiraide S, Togashi H, Fukunaga K Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

The use of stimulant medications for non-core aspects of ADHD and in other disorders.
Abstract Psychostimulants play a central role in the management of ADHD. Here we review the evidence pertaining to the use of methylphenidate, dexamphetamine and related amphetamine salts, the prodrug lisdexamfetamine and modafinil for the management of comorbid ADHD and non-ADHD indications. There is a growing consensus that stimulant medications are helpful at improving the emotional dysregulation and lability, and oppositional and conduct symptoms that are often associated with ADHD. There is some evidence that psychostimulants may improve outcomes in those with treatment resistant depression, reduce negative s...
Source: Neuropharmacology - June 18, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sinita E, Coghill D Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Pharmacological interventions for depression in people with traumatic brain injury: systematic review
Conclusion Some pharmacological interventions appear to improve depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and quality of life in people with depression and traumatic brain injury. However, the evidence is limited. There is a paucity of evidence for the effectiveness of other pharmacological interventions used in depression in this particular patient group.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - July 9, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Vattakatuchery, J., Lathif, N., Joy, J., Cavanna, A., Rickards, H. Tags: Neurological injury, Stroke, Trauma CNS / PNS, Mood disorders (including depression), Trauma, Injury POSTER ABSTRACTS Source Type: research

Myocardial injury in a 41-year-old male treated with methylphenidate: a case report
Conclusions: When interpreting troponin results it is important to take into account the context of the patient's clinical presentation, including the possibility of adverse drug reactions. The adverse drug reaction could include a combination of vasospasm and/or increased oxygen demand due to tachycardia. This case should be borne in mind before a diagnosis of myocardial infarction is given, or a decision to perform invasive coronary angiography is made in patients that use methylphenidate or related substances. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging could be of diagnostic value in such cases.
Source: BioMed Central - July 29, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lisa Drange HoleJan Schjøtt Source Type: research

Assessment of potential cardiovascular risks of methylphenidate in comparison with sibutramine: do we need a SCOUT (trial)?
Authors: Antel J, Albayrak O, Heusch G, Banaschewski T, Hebebrand J Abstract With the recent approval of methylphenidate (MPH) for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the number of patients exposed will increase tremendously. The ongoing debate on the cardiovascular safety of MPH has triggered two large retrospective cohort studies in children and adolescents as well as in young to middle-aged adults. These studies looked into serious cardiovascular events (sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and stroke) as primary endpoints and concluded that MPH was safe after a mean ...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - August 26, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Source Type: research

The spontaneously hypertensive rat/Izm (SHR/Izm) shows attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors but without impulsive behavior: Therapeutic implications of low-dose methylphenidate.
In this study, ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm were evaluated compared to Wistar rats. SHR/Izm showed high locomotor activity in the habituation phase in a novel environment, although locomotor activity in the initial exploratory phase was low. In a behavioral test for attention, spontaneous alternation behavior in the Y-maze test was impaired in SHR/Izm. However, impulsive behavior in the elevated-plus maze test, which is designed to detect anxiety-related behavior but also reflects impulsivity for novelty seeking, was comparable to Wistar rats. Hyperactivity and inattention, detected as ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm, wer...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kishikawa Y, Kawahara Y, Yamada M, Kaneko F, Kawahara H, Nishi A Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Intravenous methylphenidate: an unusual way to provoke ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Acute ST-T elevation is a sign of myocardial ischemia or infarction usually due to coronary artery atherosclerosis or coronary spasm. Coronary spasm may be spontaneous or can occur as a result of a drug that causes arterial spam. Ritalin, Novartis Pharmaceut. Corporation, USA (methylphenidate hydrochloride), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, is an oral drug used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Sudden deaths, stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults taking stimulant drugs at usual dose for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [1].
Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine - August 7, 2014 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Emile Hay, Vitaly Shklovski, Yossef Blaer, Vladimir Shlakhover, Amos Katz Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Assessment of potential cardiovascular risks of methylphenidate in comparison with sibutramine: do we need a SCOUT (trial)?
Abstract With the recent approval of methylphenidate (MPH) for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the number of patients exposed will increase tremendously. The ongoing debate on the cardiovascular safety of MPH has triggered two large retrospective cohort studies in children and adolescents as well as in young to middle-aged adults. These studies looked into serious cardiovascular events (sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and stroke) as primary endpoints and concluded that MPH was safe after a mean duration of 2.1 years of follow-up in children and adolescent...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - March 17, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Home computerised cognitive testing for tbi is feasible and popular
Serial neuropsychological testing potentially provides a powerful tool for tracking disease progress and identifying treatment response. Formal neuropsychometric assessment by a clinical psychologist is ideal but impractical for regular testing. Remote computerised assessment resolves this difficulty by allowing frequent home assessment, but is potentially limited by patient compliance and practise effects. We study the feasibility of this approach in an on-going clinical trial investigating the effects of methylphenidate on cognition after traumatic brain injury (TBI): Dopamine's Role in Enhancing Attention and Memory (DR...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 14, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Jenkins, P., Fleminger, J., De-Simoni, S., Jolly, A., Gorgoraptis, N., Hampshire, A., Sharp, D. Tags: Neurological injury, Stroke, Trauma CNS / PNS, Trauma, Injury Thur 21, Parallel session 5: Therapeutics Source Type: research

More Doctors Are Prescribing Exercise Instead Of Medication
BOSTON (AP) — When Dr. Michelle Johnson scribbles out prescriptions, the next stop for many of her patients is the gym, not the pharmacy. Doctors treating chronic health problems increasingly are prescribing exercise for their patients — and encouraging them to think of physical activity as their new medication. In one such program run by a health center in Boston’s Roxbury neighborhood, primary care physicians, internists and psychologists prescribe access to a gym for $10 a month, including free child care, classes and kids programs. Providing affordable gym access for patients ensures compliance, said Gibbs Sa...
Source: WBZ-TV - Breaking News, Weather and Sports for Boston, Worcester and New Hampshire - March 15, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: deanreddington Tags: Health Local News Exercise Ken MacLeod Source Type: news

Cardiovascular Effects of Stimulant and Non-Stimulant Medication for Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Trials of Methylphenidate, Amphetamines and Atomoxetine
ConclusionsStatistically significant pre –post increases of SBP, DBP and HR were associated with AMP and ATX treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD, while MPH treatment had a statistically significant effect only on SBP in these patients. These increases may be clinically significant for a significant minority of individuals tha t experience larger increases. Since increased BP and HR in general are considered risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during adult life, paediatric patients using ADHD medication should be monitored closely and regularly for HR and BP.
Source: CNS Drugs - February 23, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

CNS Summit 2016 Abstracts of Poster Presentations
Conclusion: Subjects with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia who were eligible for discharge from the inpatient setting and who completed the study demonstrated high rates of adherence using the mobile AI application. Subjects were able to easily use the technology. Use of the platform did not appear to increase the dropout rate. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using AI platforms to ensure high adherence, provide reliable adherence data, and rapidly detect nonadherence in CNS trials. Disclosures/funding: Adam Hanina and Laura Shafner are employees of AiCure, New York, New York, and consultants to Takeda. Xinxin D...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - February 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools biomarkers Cognition Current Issue Devices Drug Development Evaluations Genetics Medical Issues Neurology Patient Assessment Proceedings Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Scales Supplements Technology Trial M Source Type: research

Effects of monoaminergic drugs on training-induced motor cortex plasticity in older adults.
Abstract Primary motor cortex (M1) plasticity is involved in motor learning and stroke motor recovery, and enhanced by increasing monoaminergic transmission. Age impacts these processes but there is a paucity of systematic studies on the effects of monoaminergic drugs in older adults. Here, in ten older adults (age 61+ 4 years, 4 males), we determine the effects of a single oral dose of carbidopa/levodopa (DOPA), d-amphetamine (AMPH), methylphenidate (MEPH) and placebo (PLAC) on M1 excitability and motor training-induced M1 plasticity. M1 plasticity is defined as training related long lasting changes in M1 excitab...
Source: Brain Research - June 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Kesar TM, Belagaje SR, Pergami P, Haut MW, Hobbs G, Buetefisch CM Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Risk of Major Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Users of Lisdexamfetamine and Other Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Denmark and Sweden: A Population-Based Cohort Study
ConclusionOur findings suggest little to no increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients treated with LDX compared with patients previously treated with other ADHD medications.
Source: Neurology and Therapy - October 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research