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Spatio-Temporal Characterization of Brain Inflammation in a Non-human Primate Stroke Model Mimicking Endovascular Thrombectomy
In conclusion, we showed that chronic inflammation matched ADC decrease at occlusion time, a region exposed to an initial burst of damage-associated molecular patterns, in an NHP stroke model mimicking EVT. We described secondary thalamic inflammation and the protective effect of CsA in this region. We propose that major ADC drop in the putamen during occlusion may identify individuals who could benefit from early personalized treatment targeting inflammation.
Source: Neurotherapeutics - March 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pseudoginsenoside F11 ameliorates the dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway by activating calcineurin-mediated TFEB nuclear translocation in neuron during permanent cerebral ischemia.
Abstract We have previously found that transcription factor EB (TFEB), as a master regulator of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis, provides neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage by activation of autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). We have also reported that Pseudoginsenoside F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type saponin isolated from Panax quinquefolium L., significantly attenuates the ischemic injury of rats subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), possibly by alleviating the autophagic/lysosomal defects. The present study aims to investigate whether the beneficial ef...
Source: Experimental Neurology - January 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Fu X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yu X, Wang X, Wu C, Yang J Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

The Effect of Cyclosporine and the Consequences in Hepatic and Renal Function Following Ischemic Stroke in a Rats ’ Model
Recent studies have indicated that the damaging effects of stroke are not only limited to the brain. We sought to examine the changes of liver and renal enzymes in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and to investigate possible explanations and therapeutic options, concerning in particular the functional alterations of peripheral organs after administration of an anti-inflammatory agent.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - December 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Christos Dimopoulos, Marios Papadakis, Despina Perrea, Nikolaos Nikiteas, Konstantinos Kontzoglou Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cyclosporine A, a Potential Therapy of Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. A Common History for Heart and Brain
Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) and acute myocardial infarction require emergency reperfusion tissue in order to improve functional outcome. Intra-arterial thrombectomy recently showed very encouraging improvement in IS patients' outcome. However, endovascular methods enhancing reperfusion may expose patients to increase in ischemic reperfusion injury. Experimental evidence indicates that brain ischemic reperfusion injury may be attenuated by ischemic pre- and postconditioning. The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore plays a critical role in the onset of reperfusion damage. This mechanism can be inhibite...
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases - May 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Susceptibility to MELAS Exacerbations in a POLG1 Mutation Carrier (P5.264)
We describe a case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with expressive aphasia, disorientation, and inappropriate laughter. She notably had a history of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and two stroke-like episodes in her 30s characterized by left hemiparesis. Over the preceding six months, she experienced rapidly progressive vision loss, headaches, and an episode of non-convulsive status epilepticus. Incidentally, she had undergone renal transplantation nine months earlier for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and was on immunosuppressive therapy with two calcineurin inhibitors—cyclosporine and tacr...
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Nadkarni, D., Restrepo, L. Tags: General Neurology: Genetics Source Type: research

Cyclosporine in acute ischemic stroke
Conclusions: Cyclosporine was generally not effective in reducing infarct size. However, a smaller infarct size was observed in patients with proximal cerebral artery occlusion and efficient recanalization. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class I evidence that in patients with an acute anterior-circulation stroke, thrombolysis plus IV cyclosporine does not significantly decrease 30-day MRI infarct volume compared with thrombolysis alone.
Source: Neurology - June 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Nighoghossian, N., Berthezene, Y., Mechtouff, L., Derex, L., Cho, T. H., Ritzenthaler, T., Rheims, S., Chauveau, F., Bejot, Y., Jacquin, A., Giroud, M., Ricolfi, F., Philippeau, F., Lamy, C., Turc, G., Bodiguel, E., Domigo, V., Guiraud, V., Mas, J.-L., Op Tags: Clinical trials Randomized controlled (CONSORT agreement), Class I, Infarction ARTICLE Source Type: research

Elevated Platelet Microparticle Levels after Acute Ischemic Stroke with Concurrent Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
We report a 60-year-old woman with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who experienced acute infarction of the middle cerebral artery. She was treated with an antiplatelet agent and prednisolone to limit platelet activation and destruction. In parallel with clinical amelioration, levels of plasma platelet microparticles (PMPs), a procoagulant factor in platelet activation, decreased after treatment but increased after reduction of the prednisolone dose, resulting in progression of vascular stenosis. Immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine normalized plasma PMP levels, and no additional vascular events occurred during t...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - June 10, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Masahiko Ichijo, Satoru Ishibashi, Takuya Ohkubo, Shosaku Nomura, Nobuo Sanjo, Takanori Yokota, Hidehiro Mizusawa Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Different methods of immunosuppresion do not prolong the survival of human cord blood-derived neural stem cells transplanted into focal brain-injured immunocompetent rats.
Abstract Cerebrovascular diseases are the leading cause of severe disability worldwide, with an enormous financial burden for society. There is growing evidence that stem cell-based therapy may positively influence recovery from stroke. Cord blood is an attractive source of ontogenetically young, yet safe, stem cells. Conceptually, preclinical studies in which donor cells were of human origin have been the most valuable, and thus, it is likely that these cells will be used in clinical trials. Unfortunately, immunological barriers impede discordant xenotransplantations. We have previously observed acute rejection o...
Source: Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis - May 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Jablonska A, Janowski M, Lukomska B Tags: Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) Source Type: research