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Activation of the PPAR γ Prevents Ferroptosis-Induced Neuronal Loss in Response to Intracerebral Hemorrhage Through Synergistic Actions With the Nrf2
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke characterized by high mortality and disability rates. The long-term effects of ICH-induced intracranial hematoma on patients’ neurological function are unclear. Currently, an effective treatment that significantly reduces the rates of death and disability in patients with ICH is not available. Based on accumulating evidence, ferroptosis may be the leading factor contributing to the neurological impairment caused by ICH injury. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated receptor in the nuclear hormone receptor family that synergistical...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 20, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Hormesis and Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Dose Response. 2022 Feb 23;20(1):15593258211068625. doi: 10.1177/15593258211068625. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar.ABSTRACTHormetic-biphasic dose response relationships are reported herein for human endothelial progenitor cells involving estradiol, nicotine, the anti-diabetic agent pioglitazone, resveratrol, and progesterone. In general, these studies demonstrate the capacity of these agents to enhance EPC proliferation and angiogenesis functional applications, having a focus on repairing endothelial tissue damage due to acute injury (e.g., stroke), as well as damage from chronic conditions (e.g., atherosclerosis) and normal agi...
Source: Dose Response - February 28, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Edward J Calabrese Source Type: research

Serum uric acid and diabetes: from pathophysiology to cardiovascular disease.
Abstract Hyperuricemia, has been traditionally related to nephrolithiasis and gout. However, it has also been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Pathophysiologically, elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels may be associated with abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. In this narrative review, we consider the associations between hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Furthermore, we comment on the available evidence linking elevated SUA levels with the incidence and outcomes of coronary heart disease, stroke, per...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - January 4, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsiki N, Dimitriadis GD, Mikhailidis DP Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Abstract Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chroni...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - June 7, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Cardioprotective effect of Phyllanthus amarus against high fructose diet induced myocardial and aortic stress in rat model.
The objective of this study is to investigate the cardio-protective activity of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus (PAAE) against high-fructose (HF) diet induced cardiac damage in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups of six animals each: Control (C), Control treated with PAAE (C+PAAE), High fructose diet fed (F), High fructose diet fed treated with PAAE (F+PAAE) and High fructose diet fed treated with Pioglitazone (F+Pio). PAAE was orally administered at a dosage of 200mg/kg body weight/day to C+PAAE and F+PAAE group rats for 60days. Pioglitazone (10mg/kg body weight/day) was used to com...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - September 19, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Putakala M, Gujjala S, Nukala S, Bongu SBR, Chintakunta N, Desireddy S Tags: Biomed Pharmacother Source Type: research

EMPA-REG and Other Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Glucose-lowering Agents: Implications for Future Treatment Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Abstract During the last decade, the armamentarium for glucose-lowering drugs has increased enormously by the development of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, allowing individualization of antidiabetic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Some combinations can now be used without an increased risk for severe hypoglycemia and weight gain. Following a request of the US Food and Drug Administration, many large cardiovascular (CV) outcome studies have been performed in patients with longstanding disease and established CV disease. In the majority of CV outcome studies, CV ris...
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - May 18, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Schernthaner G, Schernthaner-Reiter MH, Schernthaner GH Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

Targeting insulin resistance after stroke cuts cardiovascular risk
Large trial shows pioglitazone could reduce risk of cardiovascular events or diabetes in stroke patients
Source: Clinical Pharmacist - February 26, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective effects of pioglitazone against transient cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in diabetic rats: Modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic biomarkers.
CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone is endowed with neuroprotective properties which are probably mediated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms hence may provide a successful agent for the management of ischemic stroke. PMID: 26398383 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Pharmacological Reports - September 26, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: El-Sahar AE, Safar MM, Zaki HF, Attia AS, Ain-Shoka AA Tags: Pharmacol Rep Source Type: research

Number needed to harm in the post‐marketing safety evaluation: results for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone
ConclusionThe NNH values suggested an increased CV risk with rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone across several sources of information. The inclusion of objective metrics in post‐marketing drug's benefit–risk assessments could be of increased value and help RAs to make consistent decisions on drug safety. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety - September 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Diogo Mendes, Carlos Alves, Francisco Batel‐Marques Tags: Original Report Source Type: research

FDA approves alogliptin for type 2 diabetes as three separate preparations
Source: FDA Area: News The FDA has approved alogliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as three separate preparations: alogliptin monotherapy; alogliptin in combination with metformin; and alogliptin in combination with pioglitazone.   Alogliptin stimulates insulin release following meals and was shown to be safe and effective as monotherapy in 14 clinical trials involving approximately 8,500 patients with type 2 diabetes.  Alogliptin monotherapy reduced glycosylated haemoglobin (HBA1c) by 0.4 to 0.6% compared to placebo following 26 weeks of treatment.   The FDA has requested additional data ...
Source: NeLM - News - January 28, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news