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Neuro faces of beneficial T cells: essential in brain, impaired in aging and neurological diseases, and activated functionally by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides
Neural Regen Res. 2023 Jun;18(6):1165-1178. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.357903.ABSTRACTT cells are essential for a healthy life, performing continuously: immune surveillance, recognition, protection, activation, suppression, assistance, eradication, secretion, adhesion, migration, homing, communications, and additional tasks. This paper describes five aspects of normal beneficial T cells in the healthy or diseased brain. First, normal beneficial T cells are essential for normal healthy brain functions: cognition, spatial learning, memory, adult neurogenesis, and neuroprotection. T cells decrease secondary neuronal degeneration,...
Source: Cell Research - December 1, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Mia Levite Source Type: research

Sphingosine ‐1‐phosphate receptor modulators in stroke treatment
AbstractSphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that can influence a broad range of biological processes through its binding to five distinct G protein-coupled receptors. S1P receptor modulators are a new group of immunosuppressive agents currently used in the immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis. Inflammation following stroke may exacerbate injury. Given that S1P signaling is linked to multiple immune processes, therapies targeting the S1P axis may be suitable for treating stroke. In this review, we outline S1P metabolism and S1P receptors, discuss the mechanisms of action of S1P receptor modulators i...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - August 9, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wanzhou Zhang, Yudi Li, Fangming Li, Li Ling Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Immune Response in Neurological Pathology: Emerging Role of Central and Peripheral Immune Crosstalk
Neuroinflammation is a key component of neurological disorders and is an important therapeutic target; however, immunotherapies have been largely unsuccessful. In cases where these therapies have succeeded, particularly multiple sclerosis, they have primarily focused on one aspect of the disease and leave room for improvement. More recently, the impact of the peripheral immune system is being recognized, since it has become evident that the central nervous system is not immune-privileged, as once thought. In this review, we highlight key interactions between central and peripheral immune cells in neurological disorders. Wh...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 10, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Emerging Role of PD-1 in the Central Nervous System and Brain Diseases
AbstractProgrammed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint modulator and a major target of immunotherapy as anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in cancer treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of PD-1 in the central nervous system (CNS). PD-1 has been implicated in CNS disorders such as brain tumors, Alzheimer ’s disease, ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cognitive function, and pain. PD-1 signaling suppresses the CNS immune responsevia resident microglia and infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Notably, PD-1 is also widely express...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

12 Innovations That Will Change Health Care and Medicine in the 2020s
Pocket-size ultrasound devices that cost 50 times less than the machines in hospitals (and connect to your phone). Virtual reality that speeds healing in rehab. Artificial intelligence that’s better than medical experts at spotting lung tumors. These are just some of the innovations now transforming medicine at a remarkable pace. No one can predict the future, but it can at least be glimpsed in the dozen inventions and concepts below. Like the people behind them, they stand at the vanguard of health care. Neither exhaustive nor exclusive, the list is, rather, representative of the recasting of public health and medic...
Source: TIME: Health - October 25, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: TIME Staff Tags: Uncategorized HealthSummit19 technology Source Type: news

Neurologist ambulatory care, health care utilization, and costs in a large commercial dataset
Conclusion: Neurologist involvement with care is associated with greater unadjusted allowed payments, but fewer adverse events and less acute care utilization.
Source: Neurology - January 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ney, J. P., Johnson, B., Knabel, T., Craft, K., Kaufman, J. Tags: Cost effectiveness/economic, Outcome research, Medical care, Billing, Insurance ARTICLE Source Type: research

"Time is brain" in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis : Current treatment concepts in immunotherapy.
DISCUSSION: For MS a "time is brain" concept would comprise an early initiation of first line therapy as well as sensitive and structured monitoring of disease activity under therapy in conjunction with a low threshold for timely treatment optimization to achieve sustained freedom from measurable disease activity. This approach may substantially improve the long-term outcome in patients who show insufficient response to platform therapies. The intersectorial collaboration in regional MS care networks involving office-based neurologists and specialized MS centers may facilitate the timely use of highly active therapies with...
Source: Der Nervenarzt - November 12, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Linker R, Kallmann BA, Kleinschnitz C, Rieckmann P, Mäurer M, Schwab S Tags: Nervenarzt Source Type: research

The Expression and Significance of the Plasma Let-7 Family in Anti- N -methyl- d -aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Abstract The study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of the plasma let-7 family in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Blood samples from 5 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and 5 negative controls were collected for microarray analysis. Blood samples from10 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients, 10 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients whose physical conditions have improved after 3 months of immunotherapy, 20 virus (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 20 tuberculosis (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 10 purulent (meningitis) encephalitis patients, 20 cerebral cysticercosis patient...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - June 23, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Immunotherapy strategies for spinal cord injury.
Abstract Regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult mammalian after traumatic injury is limited, which often causes permanent functional motor and sensory loss. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the lack of regeneration is mainly attributed to the presence of a hostile microenvironment, glial scarring, and cavitation. Besides, inflammation has also been proved to play a crucial role in secondary degeneration following SCI. The more prominent treatment strategies in experimental models focus mainly on drugs and cell therapies, however, only a few strategies applied in clinical studies and therapies sti...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - April 13, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wang YT, Lu XM, Chen KT, Shu YH, Qiu CH Tags: Curr Pharm Biotechnol Source Type: research