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Condition: Addiction
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Total 204 results found since Jan 2013.
Two-thirds of female smokers aged over 50 die from smoking-related causes, but quitting before 40 decreases this by 90%
Commentary on: Pirie K, Peto R, Reeves GK, et al.. Million Women Study Collaborators. The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: a prospective study of one million women in the UK. Lancet 2013;381:133–41. Context Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death. Given that women born after 1940 smoked throughout their lifespan, studies of mortality during the 21st century are needed to understand the hazards associated with prolonged smoking and cessation. Methods In this prospective cohort study, participants completed mailed questionnaires about lifestyle, medical history and demographic factors...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - January 22, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Cooley, M. E., Park, E. R. Tags: EBM Prognosis, Patients, Smoking and tobacco, Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Stroke, Contraception, Drugs: obstetrics and gynaecology, Menopause (including HRT), Pregnancy, Drugs misuse (including addiction), Tobacco related disease, Source Type: research
Diagnosis and management of Marchiafava-Bignami disease: a review of CT/MRI confirmed cases
Conclusions
As thiamine deficiency is frequently associated with alcoholism, malnutrition and prolonged vomiting; we recommend prompt treatment of MBD with parenteral thiamine in such subjects. Recovery should be followed by repeated neuropsychological and MRI examinations, preferably using diffusion tensor imaging.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - January 17, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Hillbom, M., Saloheimo, P., Fujioka, S., Wszolek, Z. K., Juvela, S., Leone, M. A. Tags: Epilepsy and seizures, Neuroimaging, Stroke, Alcohol-related disorders, Drugs misuse (including addiction), Radiology, Radiology (diagnostics) Neuropsychiatry Source Type: research
A safe, effective diet pill - the elusive holy grail
Trade in illegal, ineffective drugs flourishes as pharmaceutical industry repeatedly fails to produce successful pillAttempts to invent a safe and effective diet pill have foundered time and again, allowing the internet trade in illegal and ineffective herbal supplements and dangerous drugs, such as DNP, to flourish.A successful diet pill could make billions for the pharmaceutical industry, but efforts to date have ended in disaster, with patients harmed, drugs banned and massive compensation paid out.Fen-phen, an appetite suppressant, was the most spectacular failure. It was withdrawn in the US in 1997 after causing wides...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 14, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Sarah Boseley Tags: The Guardian Diets and dieting Drugs trade Healthcare industry World news Pharmaceuticals industry & wellbeing Health policy Society Politics UK news Life and style Public services policy Business Science Source Type: news
'No serious heart risks' linked to smoking cessation therapies
The American Heart Association claims that three different types of smoking cessation therapies do not pose serious heart risks, quashing concerns that certain products may increase the risks of heart attack, stroke or heart-related death.Researchers looked at the results of 63 clinical trials involving 30, 508 people who were quitting smoking using either nicotine replacement gums and patches, the nicotine addiction treatment varenicline (Chantix), or taking the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin), which can reduce cravings and other unwanted withdrawal effects.
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - December 13, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Smoking / Quit Smoking Source Type: news
Roles of subunit phosphorylation in regulating glutamate receptor function.
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important mechanism for regulating ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). Early studies have established that major iGluR subtypes, including α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, are subject to phosphorylation. Multiple serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues predominantly within the C-terminal regions of AMPA receptor and NMDA receptor subunits have been identified as sensitive phosphorylation sites. These distinct sites undergo either constitutive phosphorylation or activity-dependent phosphoryl...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - November 28, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang JQ, Guo ML, Jin DZ, Xue B, Fibuch EE, Mao LM Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research
Novel Approach to the Role of NMDA Receptors in Traumatic Brain Injury.
Abstract
For more than two decades the intensive research effort on the role of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebral ischemia (stroke) was led by the observations that extracellular concentrations of glutamate and aspartate are elevated after the insult and play a major role in brain pathologies. Indeed, NMDAR antagonists were shown to improve post-injury recovery in animal models and subsequently, large scale placebo-controlled clinical trials in TBI and stroke were performed with NMDAR antagonists. However, all these trials have demonstrated either no benefit or even deleterious ef...
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - October 28, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shohami E, Biegon A Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research
Excessive alcohol consumption increases the progression of atherosclerosis and the risk of stroke
A Finnish population-based study showed that binge drinking was associated with increased atherosclerotic progression in an 11-year follow-up of middle-aged men. The progression of atherosclerosis was increased among men who consumed 6 drinks or more on one occasion. In addition, the risk of stroke increased among men who had at least one hangover per year. Hangovers increased the risk of stroke independent of the total amount of alcohol consumed. Hypertension and overweight, in the presence of alcohol consumption, further increased the risk of stroke...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - October 23, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Alcohol / Addiction / Illegal Drugs Source Type: news
Anti glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody mediated encephalopathy while on etanercept in a patient with multiple autoimmune diseases
A 39 year old lady presented with an altered mental state and unsteadiness of gait. She had a history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis and alopecia, protein S deficiency with vena cava thrombosis, previous excision of ovarian mass and vasculitic rash. There was a previous history of ovarian mass and her immunomodulatory therapy for arthritis over the previous year was Etanercept.
She used recreational cannabis but denied any other illicit drug usage. Her affect was variable and at times inappropriate with frequent laughter. She would spit regularly. There was anxiety and a prevailing sensation of do...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: MacDougall, N., Waddell, B., O'Riordan, J. I. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Brain stem / cerebellum, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs misuse (including addiction), Connective tissue disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes Association of British Source Type: research
Recurrent headaches: a case of neurological Behçet's disease.
Abstract
A 48-year-old black male, of Nigerian heritage, presented with a 24-hour history of frontal headache of gradual onset. The headache characteristic was migranous, being described as throbbing in nature and located to the right frontal area with associated blurring of vision. Although similar to prior frequent headaches, there was now increasing unsteadiness on walking. Diagnosed 10 years earlier with Behçet's disease, the initial presentation was with oral and genital ulceration. Recurrent episodes of headache caused by neurological flare-ups resulted in a stroke at the age of 46 years. This previous stro...
Source: British Journal of Hospital Medicine - October 9, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: M Ismail A, W Dubrey S, C Patel M Tags: Br J Hosp Med (Lond) Source Type: research
Blame These Bumps on Mosquitoes?
Multiple itchy red bumps on a man’s ankles; relative contraindications to lumbar puncture; stroke in an addict. . . 5 more questions for you to test the breadth of your clinical knowledge.
Source: Consultant Live - September 26, 2013 Category: Primary Care Source Type: news
The cerebellum and addiction: insights gained from neuroimaging research
Abstract
Although cerebellar alterations have been consistently noted in the addiction literature, the pathophysiology of this link remains unclear. The cerebellum is commonly classified as a motor structure, but human functional neuroimaging along with clinical observations in cerebellar stroke patients and anatomical tract tracing in non‐human primates suggests its involvement in cognitive and affective processing. A comprehensive literature search on the role of the cerebellum in addiction was performed. This review article (1) considers the potential role of the cerebellum in addiction; (2) summarizes the cerebellar ...
Source: Addiction Biology - September 1, 2013 Category: Addiction Authors: Eric A. Moulton, Igor Elman, Lino R. Becerra, Rita Z. Goldstein, David Borsook Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research
Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients in clinical practice of district hospital in Poland.
CONCLUSIONS: (1). Despite of high stroke risk determined by both scales only 39% of patients received OAC. (2). In the analyzed material the independent predictive factor in this group for prescribing OAC at discharge was arterial hypertension (in accordance with recommendations) and: the younger patients age, no history of stroke/TIA and other than paroxysmal type of AF. (3). Practice of the usage of OAC and/or antiplatelet therapy in AF patients discharged from Polish district hospital was in concordance with current guidelines of ESC neither in 2006 nor 2010.
PMID: 23990227 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Polish Heart Journal - August 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bednarski J, Cieszewska E, Strzelecki A, Filipiak KJ Tags: Kardiol Pol Source Type: research
Toxic lipstick, carbon monoxide tragedy, laundry detergent pod death: Weekly Web Review in Toxicology
Meth Labs and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Jonah Engle’s article in Mother Jones — “Merchants of Meth: How Big Pharma Keeps the Cooks in Business” — is compelling reading. The piece details how some drug companies lobbying firms are fighting efforts to control sale of the meth precursor pseudoephedrine:
As law enforcement agencies scramble to clean up and dispose of toxic [meth] labs, prosecute cooks, and find foster homes for their children, they are waging two battles: one against destitute, strong-out addicts, the other against some of the world’s wealthiest and most politically connected ...
Source: The Poison Review - August 21, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical big pharma carbon monoxide heavy metals laundry detergent pod methamphetamine toxic lipstick Source Type: news
NIH launches neurological drug development projects
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) The NIH launched three innovative projects that will focus on development of therapeutics for Fragile X syndrome, nicotine addiction, and age-related macular degeneration. These projects are funded through the NIH Blueprint Neurotherapeutics Network which provides access to a variety of drug development resources.
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - July 31, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news
Short answer question case series: a dangerous cause of dyspnoea
Case vignette A 52-year-old man with hepatitis C and a remote history of recreational drug abuse presents with several days of shortness of breath, cough and malaise. He was seen at an outside hospital and diagnosed with pneumonia given his cough and shortness of breath. Subsequently, he was seen again and found to have a small abscess of his arm that was drained. On review of systems, he endorses nausea and generalised weakness but denies abdominal pain, chest pain, numbness, fever, headache or dizziness. On physical exam, he is afebrile but tachypnoeic, has decreased breath sounds at the bases, and has an appropriately h...
Source: Emergency Medicine Journal - July 19, 2013 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Woodfield, A., Runde, D., Jang, T. Tags: Poisoning/Injestion, Foodborne infections, Hepatitis and other GI infections, Pneumonia (infectious disease), TB and other respiratory infections, Cranial nerves, Headache (including migraine), Pain (neurology), Stroke, Drugs misuse (including addiction), Source Type: research
