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Total 380 results found since Jan 2013.

Review on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702942Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical–radiologic diagnosis that affects children and adolescents, but it is much more frequently reported in adults. Clinically, patients present with severe and commonly recurrent thunderclap headaches. Typical precipitating triggers include vasoactive substances, serotonergic agents, and the postpartum period. There may be associated neurologic complications at presentation or in the weeks following, such as convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, cerebral edema, cervical artery dissection (CeAD), and seizures. Angio...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - February 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Qubty, William Irwin, Samantha Lee Fox, Christine K. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Clinical and Radiological Considerations
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) are relatively uncommon neurological disorders, but their detection has been increasing mainly due to clinical awareness and spreading of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Because these syndromes share some common clinical and radiologic features and occasionally occur in the same patient, misdiagnosis may occur. PRES is characterized by varied neurological symptoms including headache, impaired visual acuity or visual field deficit, confusion, disorders of consciousness, seizures, and motor deficits often associated...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - February 13, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Atrial myxoma with cerebellar signs: a case report
ConclusionAlthough rare, atrial myxoma has to be considered a cause of stroke and other embolic phenomenon causing multiorgan infarctions. Early and timely diagnosis of the condition can prevent further recurrence and inappropriate anticoagulant therapy. It would be pertinent to have echocardiography done in patients who present with a stroke, arrhythmias, and other constitutional symptoms. The tumor once detected must be removed surgically as early as possible, which not only reduces serious thromboembolic complications but can be potentially curative.
Source: Journal of Medical Case Reports - February 12, 2020 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy due to Compression by a Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery: Case Report
A 51-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital because of speech difficulty following severe headache. Neurological examination showed dysarthria and tongue weakness on the right side, indicating right hypoglossal nerve palsy. Needle electromyography of the right side of the tongue showed fibrillation potentials. Magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography revealed a right, persistent, primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) that met Lie's diagnostic criteria. Digital subtraction angiography showed an extended PPHA with irregular caliber in the portion running through the right hypoglossal canal.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - December 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Hiroki Hikichi, Tatsuya Ueno, Masatoshi Iwamura, Haruo Nishijima, Akira Arai, Chieko Suzuki, Hiroshi Midorikawa, Jin-ichi Nunomura, Masahiko Tomiyama Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Reversible Cerebral Angiopathy after Viral Infection in a Pediatric Patient with Genetic Variant of RNF213
We report a case of reversible cerebral angiopathy after viral infection in a pediatric patient with genetic variant of RNF213 mutation. The patient had developed a severe headache after hand, foot, and mouth disease.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - December 6, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Ikuma Echizenya, Kikutaro Tokairin, Masahito Kawabori, Ken Kazumata, Kiyohiro Houkin Source Type: research

Hemicrania Continua Subsequent to Vertebral Artery Dissection: A Case Report
We herein report the case of a 45-year-old woman who developed a continuous hemicranial headache subsequent to vertebral artery dissection (VAD). After remission of VAD, the patient repeatedly experienced right forehead and temporal region throbbing headache, accompanied by nausea, ocular hyperemia and lacrimation of the right eye, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. Magnetic resonance angiography did not reveal the recurrence of dissection. Daily use of indomethacin (190.8 mg/day) showed an excellent effect on the headache, suggesting that the patient had developed hemicrania continua subsequent to VAD.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 10, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Hiromitsu Tabata, Hiroshi Kitaguchi Source Type: research

Moyamoya disease with epileptic nystagmus: A case report
We report a case of moyamoya disease with epileptic nystagmus. A 23-year-old woman presented with a headache and transient hemiparesis on her left side. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke lesions. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed stenosis of the terminal portion of the right internal carotid artery and the formation of moyamoya vessels on the right side. 123I-N-isopropyl-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed decreased uptake in the right basal ganglia, frontal, and parietal regions. After electroencephalography (EEG) and a hyperventila...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - August 20, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula caused by Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Artery Aneurysm rupture: A case report
Carotid-Cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) caused by a ruptured aneurysm of persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) is exceptionally rare. Herein, we reported the case of a 64-year-old female who presented with headache, pulsatile tinnitus, and diplopia. Angiography showed a PPTA and CCF. Three-dimensional digital subtraction angiograms revealed a direct shunt between the PPTA aneurysm and the left cavernous sinus. The trigeminal carotid fistula was successfully treated with detachable coils and Onyx, and the PPTA was preserved.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 18, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Yu Fan, Yuechun LI, Tianyou Zhang, Changchun Jiang, Peng Zhang Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Clinical and neuroradiological characteristics of ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage in isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection: Literature review and report of 2 cases
ConclusionPICAD with ischemic stroke is likely under-diagnosed due to the following reasons; 1) patients present with neurological deficits that are non-specific and mild, 2) DSA, which is a gold standard of diagnosing PICAD is not regularly performed in these patients, 3) lack of predisposing factors associated with PICAD in some patients. The mild and non-specific clinical presentation in young adults with PICAD with ischemia probably due to their ability to compensate better given low incidences of other comorbidities. Further investigation regarding the underlying etiology of isolated PICAD, association of proximal PIC...
Source: Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery - July 30, 2019 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Efficacy of trazodone for treating paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity presenting after thalamic hemorrhage: A case report.
Authors: Morinaga Y, Nii K, Sakamoto K, Inoue R, Mitsutake T, Hanada H Abstract Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a clinical condition characterized by abnormal paroxysmal surges in sympathetic nervous system activity. PSH is known to occur after severe head injury and hypoxic encephalopathy. Cases of PSH that develop after stroke have been reported worldwide; however, PSH is not commonly reported in the field of stroke research in Japan. Some studies have suggested that gabapentin may improve the symptoms of PSH. To our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating the efficacy of trazodone fo...
Source: Drug Discoveries and Therapeutics - July 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Drug Discov Ther Source Type: research

Subarachnoid hemorrhage in isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection: Literature review and report of 2 cases
ConclusionPICAD with ischemic stroke is likely under-diagnosed due to the following reasons; 1) patients present with neurological deficits that are non-specific and mild, 2) DSA, which is a gold standard of diagnosing PICAD is not regularly performed in these patients, 3) lack of predisposing factors associated with PICAD in some patients. The mild and non-specific clinical presentation in young adults with PICAD with ischemia probably due to their ability to compensate better given low incidences of other comorbidities. Further investigation regarding the underlying etiology of isolated PICAD, association of proximal PIC...
Source: Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery - July 3, 2019 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Gadolinium enhancement in perforating arteries in a patient with varicella zoster virus vasculopathy: A case report
A 35-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of right hemiparesis. His initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 8. He had a 1-week history of fever and headache that had occurred approximately 1  month prior to admission. Diffusion-weighted imaging on admission showed hyperintensities in the left putamen and corona radiata (Supplementary Fig. 1). There were no atherosclerotic changes or findings suggesting intracranial arterial dissection or carotid artery disease on magnetic resonance (M R) angiography.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - June 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Yoshitaka Yamaguchi, Kozue Morioka, Hikaru Nagasawa, Manabu Wada Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Intravenous Thrombolysis in Posterior Circulation Stroke
Conclusions: Up to date, no data about PCIS and IVT are available from RTCs. Based on limited results from retrospective clinical studies and case series, IVT is safer for use in PCIS than in ACIS. Patients with brainstem ischemia, vertebral artery occlusion, and absence of basilar or posterior cerebral artery occlusion could be considered for treatment with IVT even in borderline cases. Time to IVT in PCIS seems to be a less crucial factor than in ACIS. IVT for PCIS may be beneficial even after 4.5 h from symptom onset. Introduction History of Intravenous Thrombolysis—The Most Relevant Studies Intravenous...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Chinese Family With Adult-Onset Leigh-Like Syndrome Caused by the Heteroplasmic m.10191T > C Mutation in the Mitochondrial MTND3 Gene
Conclusion The m.10191T>C mutation in the mtDNA of the complex I (CI) subunit of MTND3 results in the substitution of a highly conserved amino acid (p.Ser45Pro) within the ND3 protein, leading to CI dysfunction through impaired enzyme catalysis rather than impaired stability or assembly, causing a broad clinical spectrum of disorders (26). Patients with the m.10191T>C mutation are rare. In the present study, we report on a family of patients with the extremely rare adult-onset Leigh-like syndrome with the m.10191T>C mutation. Including the two patients from our reported family, the m.10191T...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research