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Cancer: Brain Cancers
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Total 13 results found since Jan 2013.
Breaking barriers: Neurodegenerative repercussions of radiotherapy induced damage on the blood-brain and blood-tumor barrier
Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Dec 4:S0891-5849(21)00853-4. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExposure to radiation during the treatment of CNS tumors leads to detrimental damage of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in normal tissue. Effects are characterized by leakage of the vasculature which exposes the brain to a host of neurotoxic agents potentially leading to white matter necrosis, parenchymal calcification, and an increase chance of stroke. Vasculature of the blood tumor barrier (BTB) is irregular leading to poorly perfused and hypoxic tissue throughout the tumor that becomes resistant t...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - December 7, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Barrett D Allen Charles L Limoli Source Type: research
Pharmacological intervention of histone deacetylase enzymes in the neurodegenerative disorders
Publication date: Available online 8 January 2020Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Rohan Gupta, Rashmi K. Ambasta, Pravir KumarAbstractReversal of aging symptoms and related disorders are the challenging task where epigenetic is a crucial player that includes DNA methylation, histone modification; chromatin remodeling and regulation that are linked to the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Overexpression of various histone deacetylase (HDACs) can activate Glycogen synthase kinase 3 which promotes the hyperphosphorylation of tau and inhibits its degradation. While HDAC is important for maintaining the ...
Source: Life Sciences - January 9, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research
β-Caryophyllene protects against ischemic stroke by promoting polarization of microglia toward M2 phenotype via the TLR4 pathway
The objective of the study was to determine whether β-caryophyllene (BCP) exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by inhibiting microglial activation and modulating their polarization via the TLR4 pathway.Main methodsWild-type (WT) and TLR4 knockout (KO) C57BL/6J mice were subjected to cerebral I/R injury and neurologic dysfunction, cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, microglia activation and polarization, and TLR4 expression were determined. In vitro, primary microglia were stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ or IL-4 to induce polarization of microglia toward M1 or M2 phenotypes.Key fin...
Source: Life Sciences - October 13, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sex differences in the expression of cell adhesion molecules on microvesicles derived from cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells treated with inflammatory and thrombotic stimuli
ConclusionsThere are sex differences in expression of cell adhesion molecules on MV released from HBMEC under control conditions and upon activation by TNF α or THR. MV taken up by unstimulated HBMEC may impact the integrity of the brain microvasculature and account, in part, for sex differences in vascular pathologies in the brain.
Source: Biology of Sex Differences - May 21, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
TIGAR alleviates ischemia/reperfusion-induced autophagy and ischemic brain injury.
In conclusion, our current data suggest that TIGAR protected against neuronal injury partly through inhibiting autophagy by regulating the mTOR-S6KP70 signaling pathway.
PMID: 30978385 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - April 8, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang DM, Zhang T, Wang MM, Wang XX, Qin YY, Wu J, Han R, Sheng R, Wang Y, Chen Z, Han F, Ding Y, Li M, Qin ZH Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research
The protective effect of zeranol in cerebral ischemia reperfusion via p-CREB overexpression
The objective of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of zeranol against cerebral ischemia reperfusion in ovariectomized rats.Main methods36 female wistar rats divided in to 3 groups: sham group, I/R group (where I/R was induced 7 weeks after ovariectomy), zeranol group (0.5 mg/kg every 3 days for 5 weeks before I/R). Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) was performed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion then de-ligated to restore blood flow. After 24 h of reperfusion, rats performed cylinder test to evaluate behavioral dysfunction followed by decapitation. Brain tissues were collected f...
Source: Life Sciences - December 12, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Potential therapeutic and protective effect of curcumin against stroke in the male albino stroke-induced model rats
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2017 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Yuanyuan Zhang, Yi Yan, Yi Cao, Yongtao Yang, Qing Zhao, Rui Jing, Jiayi Hu, Juan Bao Aims The present study was carried out to understand the therapeutic effect of curcumin (CUR) against stroke in the experimental animal model. The study investigates the healing effect of CUR on mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Materials and methods Male albino, Wistar strain rats were used for the induction of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and reperfusion. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the determination of inter...
Source: Life Sciences - June 27, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: What Water Tells Us about Biological Tissues
by Denis Le Bihan, Mami Iima
Since its introduction in the mid-1980s, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which measures the random motion of water molecules in tissues, revealing their microarchitecture, has become a pillar of modern neuroimaging. Its main clinical domain has been the diagnosis of acute brain stroke and neurogical disorders, but it is also used in the body for the detection and management of cancer lesions. It can also produce stunning maps of white matter tracks in the brain, with the potential to aid in the understanding of some psychiatric disorders. However, in order to exploit fully the pote...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - July 23, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Denis Le Bihan et al. Source Type: research
Study finds long-term survival of human neural stem cells transplanted into primate brain
(Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair) Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) labeled with magnetic nanoparticles were followed by MRI after transplantation into the brains of primates. The study evaluated the long-term survival and differentiation of hNSCs. The hNSCs differentiated into neurons at 24 months and did not cause tumors. Researchers concluded that hNSCs could be of great value as a source for cell replacement and gene transfer for treating Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ALS, spinal cord injury and stroke.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - April 23, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: news
Novel Central Nervous System Drug Delivery Systems
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Novel systems of drug delivery to the central nervous system are reviewed. Multiple methods, including invasive and non‐invasive methods are examined.
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - December 10, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Jocelyn Stockwell, Nabiha Abdi, Xiaofan Lu, Oshin Maheshwari, Changiz Taghibiglou Tags: Review Source Type: research
Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
The world of stem cells
We know the human body comprises many cell types (e.g., blood cells, skin cells, cervical cells), but we often forget to appreciate that all of these different cell types arose from a single cell—the fertilized egg. A host of sequential, awe-inspiring events occur between the fertilization of an egg and the formation of a new individual:
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are also called totipotent cells.
The first steps involve making more cells by simple cell division: one cell becomes two cells; two cells become four cells, etc.
Each cell of early development is undifferentiated; that is, it is...
Source: ActionBioscience - December 28, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Ali Hochberg Source Type: news
