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Specialty: Stem Cells

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Total 81 results found since Jan 2013.

Autotaxin‐LPA Axis regulates hMSC migration by adherent junction disruption and cytoskeletal rearrangement via LPAR1/3‐dependent PKC/GSK3β/ β‐catenin and PKC/Rho GTPase pathways
In conclusion, ATX/LPA stimulates the migration of hMSCs through LPAR 1/3‐dependent E‐cadherin reduction and cytoskeletal rearrangement via PKC/GSK3β/β‐catenin and PKC/Rho GTPase pathways. Stem Cells 2014
Source: Stem Cells - November 6, 2014 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Jung Min Ryu, Ho Jae Han Tags: Regenerative Medicine Source Type: research

P2X7 Receptors mediate Innate phagocytosis by Human Neural Precursor Cells and Neuroblasts
ABSTRACT During early human neurogenesis there is overproduction of neuroblasts and neurons accompanied by widespread programmed cell death (PCD). Whilst it is understood that CD68+ microglia and astrocytes mediate phagocytosis during target‐dependent PCD, little is known of the cell identity or the scavenger molecules utilized to remove apoptotic corpses during the earliest stages of human neurogenesis. Using a combination of multiple‐marker immunohistochemical staining, functional blocking antibodies and antagonists, we showed that human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and neuroblasts express functional P2X7 receptors...
Source: Stem Cells - October 21, 2014 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Michael D. Lovelace, Ben J. Gu, Steven S. Eamegdool, Michael W. Weible, James S. Wiley, David G. Allen, Tailoi Chan‐Ling Tags: Tissue‐specific stem cells Source Type: research

Curcumin inhibits breast cancer stem cell migration by amplifying the E-cadherin/ß-catenin negative feedback loop
Conclusions: Cumulatively, our findings disclose that curcumin inhibits bCSC migration by amplifying E-cadherin/beta-catenin negative feedback loop.
Source: Stem Cell Research and Therapy - October 14, 2014 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Shravanti MukherjeeMinakshi MazumdarSamik ChakrabortyArgha MannaShilpi SahaPoulami KhanPushpak BhattacharjeeDeblina GuhaArghya AdhikarySanhita MukhjerjeeTanya Das Source Type: research

Morphine Modulates Mouse Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Lineages by Upregulating miR‐181a Level
Abstract The mechanism by which addictive drugs such as morphine regulate adult neurogenesis remains elusive. We now demonstrate that morphine can regulate neurogenesis by control of miR‐181a and subsequent hippocampal neural progenitor cell (hNPC) lineages. In the presence of morphine, hNPCs preferentially differentiated into astrocytes, an effect blocked by the specific μ‐opioid receptor antagonist, Cys2‐Tyr3‐Orn5‐Pen7‐amide. This effect was mediated by the Prox1/Notch1 pathway as demonstrated by an increase in Notch1 level in the morphine‐ but not fentanyl‐treated hNPCs and blocked by overexpression of ...
Source: Stem Cells - October 14, 2014 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Chi Xu, Yue Zhang, Hui Zheng, Horace H. Loh, Ping‐Yee Law Tags: Tissue‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research

Focal adhesion kinase and wnt signalling regulates human ductal carcinoma in situ stem cell activity and response to radiotherapy
Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can avoid or efficiently repair DNA damage from radio and chemotherapy, which suggests they play a role in disease recurrence. 20% of patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) of the breast recur and our previous data shows that high grade DCIS have increased numbers of CSCs. Here, we investigate the role of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Wnt pathways in DCIS stem cells and their capacity to survive irradiation. Using DCIS cell lines and patient samples we demonstrate that CSC‐enriched populations are relatively radioresistant and possess high FA...
Source: Stem Cells - September 3, 2014 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Kathryn E Williams, Nigel J Bundred, Göran Landberg, Robert B Clarke, Gillian Farnie Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Degradation is Activated During Osteoblastogenesis
ABSTRACT The mechanisms involved in the anabolic effect of IFNγ on bone have not been carefully examined. Using microarray expression analysis, we found that IFNγ upregulates a set of genes associated with a tryptophan degradation pathway, known as the kynurenine pathway, in osteogenic differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells. We therefore hypothesized that activation of the kynurenine pathway plays a role in osteoblastogenesis even in the absence of IFNγ. Initially, we observed a strong increase in tryptophan degradation during osteoblastogenesis with and without IFNγ in the media. We next blocked indoleamine 2,3...
Source: Stem Cells - September 3, 2014 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Christopher Vidal, Wei Li, Brigitte Santner‐Nanan, Chai K. Lim, Gilles J. Guillemin, Helen J. Ball, Nicholas H. Hunt, Ralph Nanan, Gustavo Duque Tags: Translational and clinical research Source Type: research