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Actin depolymerization enhances adipogenic differentiation in human stromal stem cells
Publication date: Available online 18 March 2018 Source:Stem Cell Research Author(s): Li Chen, Huimin Hu, Weimin Qiu, Kaikai Shi, Moustapha Kassem Human stromal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiate into adipocytes that play a role in skeletal tissue homeostasis and whole body energy metabolism. During adipocyte differentiation, hMSCs exhibit significant changes in cell morphology suggesting changes in cytoskeletal organization. Here, we examined the effect of direct modulation of actin microfilament dynamics on adipocyte differentiation. Stabilizing actin filaments in hMSCs by siRNA-mediated knock down of the two main actin d...
Source: Stem Cell Research - March 19, 2018 Category: Stem Cells Source Type: research

Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Acquire Chemoresistance through the Upregulation of FBXW7 and the Consequent Degradation of c ‐Myc
In conclusion, our study revealed that a CSC‐specific FBXW7‐regulatory mechanism is strongly associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Inhibition of FBXW7‐upregulation in CSCs following chemotherapy may enhance the response to anticancer agents and represents an attractive strategy for the elimination of colorectal CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. LGR5(+) colorectal CSCs are proliferative and highly expressing c‐Myc with the absence of anticancer agents. During the cell cycle arrest caused by the anticancer agents, c‐Myc expression was substantially decreased in col...
Source: Stem Cells - July 11, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Daisuke Izumi, Takatsugu Ishimoto, Keisuke Miyake, Tsugio Eto, Kota Arima, Yuki Kiyozumi, Tomoyuki Uchihara, Junji Kurashige, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Yoshifumi Baba, Yasuo Sakamoto, Yuji Miyamoto, Naoya Yoshida, Masayuki Watanabe, Ajay Goel, Patrick Tan, Hideo Tags: Cancer Stem Cells Source Type: research

Simple and effective generation of transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells using an auto-erasable Sendai virus vector responding to microRNA-302
Publication date: Available online 20 June 2017 Source:Stem Cell Research Author(s): Ken Nishimura, Manami Ohtaka, Hitomi Takada, Akira Kurisaki, Nhi Vo Kieu Tran, Yen Thi Hai Tran, Koji Hisatake, Masayuki Sano, Mahito Nakanishi Transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are valuable for both basic research and potential clinical applications. We previously reported that a replication-defective and persistent Sendai virus (SeVdp) vector harboring four reprogramming factors (SeVdp-iPS) can efficiently induce generation of transgene-free iPSCs. This vector can express all four factors stably and simultaneously wi...
Source: Stem Cell Research - June 21, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Source Type: research

The P2X7 receptor is an upstream regulator of dynamic blebbing and a pluripotency marker in human embryonic stem cells
Publication date: Available online 16 June 2017 Source:Stem Cell Research Author(s): Nikki Jo-Hao Weng, Prue Talbot New methods are needed to reduce dynamic blebbing which inhibits cell attachment and survival during passaging of pluripotent stem cells. We tested the hypothesis that activation of the P2X7 receptor by extracellular ATP during passaging initiates dynamic blebbing. The P2X7 receptor was present in human embryonic stem cells (hESC), but not in differentiating cells. Extracellular ATP concentrations were 14× higher in medium during passaging. Addition of ATP to culture medium prolonged dynamic blebbing and in...
Source: Stem Cell Research - June 17, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Source Type: research

Common and Distinctive Functions of the Hippo Effectors Taz and Yap in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Function
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. In skeletal muscle, Taz and Yap both enhance satellite cell derived‐myoblast proliferation, but during the later stages of myogenesis, Taz switches to influence satellite cell fate by promoting myogenic differentiation over self‐renewal.
Source: Stem Cells - June 1, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Congshan Sun, Vanessa De Mello, Abdalla Mohamed, Huascar P. Ortuste Quiroga, Amaya Garcia ‐Munoz, Abdullah Al Bloshi, Annie. M Tremblay, Alexander von Kriegsheim, Elaina Collie‐Duguid, Neil Vargesson, David Matallanas, Henning Wackerhage, Peter S. Zam Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research

Slow ‐Myofiber Commitment by Semaphorin 3A Secreted from Myogenic Stem Cells
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Fiber‐type proportions are responsible for skeletal muscle properties including contractility, metabolism (glycolytic and oxidative), and fatigue resistance, as well as its susceptibility to disease conditions and its plasticity to respond to demands of exercise or disuse. The mechanism that restores the original muscle‐specific fiber‐type composition after a muscle regenerates from trauma or chemical insult is not well understood. Here we show that Sema3A ligand, which is secreted from resident myogenic stem satellite cells exclusively at the early‐diff...
Source: Stem Cells - May 7, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Ryuichi Tatsumi, Takahiro Suzuki, Mai ‐Khoi Q. Do, Yuki Ohya, Judy E. Anderson, Ayumi Shibata, Mai Kawaguchi, Shunpei Ohya, Hideaki Ohtsubo, Wataru Mizunoya, Shoko Sawano, Yusuke Komiya, Riho Ichitsubo, Koichi Ojima, Shin‐ichiro Nishimatsu, Tsutomu No Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research

The Endothelial Protein C Receptor is a Potential Stem Cell Marker for Epidermal Keratinocytes
Abstract Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is a specific receptor for anticoagulant protein C and expressed by human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. Here we investigated whether: (a) the level of EPCR in keratinocytes is associated with their growth potential; and (b) EPCR is a potential marker for human epidermal stem cells. Human keratinocytes isolated from foreskins or adult skin tissues were transfected with EPCR siRNA or EPCR overexpressing plasmids. Cell proliferation, long term proliferation potential, colony forming efficiency (CFE), and in vitro epidermal regeneration ability of EPCRhigh and EPCRl°w cel...
Source: Stem Cells - May 7, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Meilang Xue, Suat Dervish, Benjamin Chan, Christopher J. Jackson Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research

Bre Enhances Osteoblastic Differentiation by Promoting the Mdm2 ‐Mediated Degradation of p53
Abstract Bre is a conserved cellular protein expressed in various tissues. Its major function includes DNA damage repair and anti‐apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that Bre is potentially involved in stem cell differentiation although pathophysiological significance along with the molecular mechanisms is still unclear. Here, we report that Bre protein was substantially expressed in the bone tissue and its expression was highly upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation. To test a hypothesis that Bre plays functional roles in the process of osteogenic differentiation, we examined the expression of Bre in an osteop...
Source: Stem Cells - April 24, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Fujun Jin, Yiliang Wang, Xiaojing Wang, Yanting Wu, Xiaoyan Wang, Qiuying Liu, Yexuan Zhu, Enqi Liu, Jianglin Fan, Yifei Wang Tags: Tissue ‐Specific Stem Cells Source Type: research

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Microvesicles Attenuate Acute Lung Injury in Mice Partly Mediated by Ang ‐1 mRNA
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. MSC MVs improved lung injury as assessed by histology at 48 hours. H&E staining of lung section demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory cell influx, blood, edema, airspace congestion, and wall thickening (scale bars = 200μm). Ang‐1 SiRNA MSC MV significantly eliminated the beneficial effects of MSC MVs.
Source: Stem Cells - April 4, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Xiao ‐Dan Tang, Lin Shi, Antoine Monsel, Xiang‐Yang Li, Hui‐Li Zhu, Ying‐Gang Zhu, Jie‐Ming Qu Tags: Translational and Clinical Research Source Type: research

Inhibition of miRNA-212/132 improves the reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells by de-repressing important epigenetic remodelling factors
Publication date: April 2017 Source:Stem Cell Research, Volume 20 Author(s): Nils Pfaff, Steffi Liebhaber, Selina Möbus, Abbas Beh-Pajooh, Jan Fiedler, Angelika Pfanne, Axel Schambach, Thomas Thum, Tobias Cantz, Thomas Moritz MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repeatedly have been demonstrated to play important roles in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying transcription factor-mediated reprogramming we have established a model, which allows for the efficient screening of whole libraries of miRNAs modulating the generation of iPSCs from murine embryonic fibrobl...
Source: Stem Cell Research - March 16, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Source Type: research

Prostaglandin E2 Indicates Therapeutic Efficacy Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Stem Cells - February 23, 2017 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Daniel J. Kota, Karthik S. Prabhakara, Naama Toledano ‐Furman, Deepa Bhattarai, Qingzheng Chen, Bryan DiCarlo, Philippa Smith, Fabio Triolo, Pamela L. Wenzel, Charles S. Cox Jr, Scott D. Olson Tags: Translational and Clinical Research Source Type: research

The pharmacological stimulation of Nurr1 improves cognitive functions via enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Publication date: November 2016 Source:Stem Cell Research, Volume 17, Issue 3 Author(s): Jin-il Kim, Seong Gak Jeon, Kyoung Ah Kim, Yong Jun Kim, Eun Ji Song, Junghyun Choi, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Chong-Jin Kim, Ho Yeon Chung, Minho Moon, Hyunju Chung The nuclear receptor related-1 (Nurr1) protein plays an important role in both the development of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and cognitive functions. Despite its relevance, the effects of Nurr1 on adult hippocampal neurogenesis have not been thoroughly investigated. Here we used RT-PCR, western blot, and immunocytochemistry to show that adult hippocampal NPCs abundantly express N...
Source: Stem Cell Research - October 23, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Source Type: research

Transfection of arginine decarboxylase gene increases the neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells
This study investigates whether the induced expression of hADC gene in mNPCs induces any significant change in the cell fate commitment. The evaluation of induced hADC gene function was assessed by knockdown of hADC gene using specific siRNA. The hADC gene delivery triggered higher expression of N-CAM, cell adhesion molecule and MAP-2, neuronal marker. However, the hADC gene knockdown showed downregulation of N-CAM and MAP-2 expression suggesting that hADC gene delivery favors cell fate commitment of mNPCs towards neuronal lineage. Neurite outgrowth was significantly longer in the hADC infected cells. The neurotrophic sign...
Source: Stem Cell Research - August 17, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Source Type: research

TGFβ‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell‐surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBR...
Source: Stem Cells - July 3, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Lualhati E. Harkins, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Steven Rostad, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cell Source Type: research

TGF β‐Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell‐surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBR...
Source: Stem Cells - July 3, 2016 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Dhiman Ghosh, Ilya V. Ulasov, LiPing Chen, Lualhati E. Harkins, Karolina Wallenborg, Parvinder Hothi, Steven Rostad, Leroy Hood, Charles S. Cobbs Tags: Cancer Stem Cell Source Type: research

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