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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Role of adenoviruses in obesity
Conclusions: several adenoviruses increase adiposity in animals and are associated with obesity in humans. There are critical gaps in the literature needing further investigation including evaluation of other adenovirus subtypes and better research designs to improve the strength of causal inferences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Reviews in Medical Virology - July 1, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Jameson D. Voss, Richard L. Atkinson, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar Tags: Review Source Type: research

Identification and characterization of a maize-associated mastrevirus in China by deep sequencing small RNA populations
Conclusions: A mastrevirus MSRV-YN collected in Yunnan Province, China, was identified by small RNA deep sequencing. This vsiRNAs profile derived from MSRV-YN was characterized, which might contribute to get an insight into the host RNA silencing defense induced by MSRV-YN, and provide guidelines on designing antiviral strategies using RNAi against MSRV-YN.
Source: Virology Journal - October 5, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Sha ChenQingqing HuangLiqi WuYajuan Qian Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 7, Pages 5243-5256: HPV16 E6 Controls the Gap Junction Protein Cx43 in Cervical Tumour Cells
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) causes a range of cancers including cervical and head and neck cancers. HPV E6 oncoprotein binds the cell polarity regulator hDlg (human homologue of Drosophila Discs Large). Previously we showed in vitro, and now in vivo, that hDlg also binds Connexin 43 (Cx43), a major component of gap junctions that mediate intercellular transfer of small molecules. In HPV16-positive non-tumour cervical epithelial cells (W12G) Cx43 localised to the plasma membrane, while in W12T tumour cells derived from these, it relocated with hDlg into the cytoplasm. We now provide evidence that E6 regulates this ...
Source: Viruses - October 5, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Peng SunLi DongAlasdair MacDonaldShahrzad AkbariMichael EdwardMalcolm HodginsScott JohnstoneSheila Graham Tags: Article Source Type: research

Porcine 2′, 5′‐oligoadenylate synthetases inhibit Japanese encephalitis virus replication in vitro
In conclusion, all pOAS isoforms play a significant role in the response to JEV infection, and are differentially induced by different stimuli. The alternative pathways of antiviral activity stimulated by OASL require further study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - October 6, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Sheng Zheng, Dan Zhu, Xue Lian, Weiting Liu, Ruibing Cao, Puyan Chen Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

SUMO1 depletion prevents lipid droplet accumulation and HCV replication
Abstract Infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public-health problem. Chronic infection often leads to cirrhosis, steatosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The life cycle of HCV depends on the host cell machinery and involves intimate interaction between viral and host proteins. However, the role of host proteins in the life cycle of HCV remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO1) as a key host factor required for HCV replication. We performed a series of cell biology and biochemistry experiments using the HCV JFH-1 (Japanese fulminate hepatitis 1) genotype 2a...
Source: Archives of Virology - October 8, 2015 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 7, Pages 5539-5552: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Inhibits RNA-Mediated Gene Silencing by Targeting Ago-2
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection strongly modulates the host’s immune response. The RNA silencing pathway is an intracellular innate response to viral infections. However, it is unknown whether PRRSV interacts with cellular RNA silencing to facilitate the viral infection. Here, we report for the first time the interaction between PRRSV and RNA silencing in both the porcine macrophages and African green monkey kidney cell line (MARC-145) cell line, which were derived from African green monkey kidney cells and highly permissive for PRRSV infection. Our data demonstrated that PRRSV suppr...
Source: Viruses - October 23, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Jing ChenXibao ShiXiaozhuan ZhangLi WangJun LuoGuangxu XingRuiguang DengHong YangJinting LiAiping WangGaiping Zhang Tags: Article Source Type: research

ICAM-1 regulates the survival of influenza virus in lung epithelial cells during the early stages of infection.
Abstract Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an inducible cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed on many cell types. Influenza virus infection enhanced ICAM-1 expression and messenger RNA levels. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) and nasal epithelial cells, on exposure to different strains of influenza virus (H1N1, H3N2, and H9N1) showed significant increase in ICAM-1 gene expression (p<0.001) along with the ICAM-1 protein levels (surface and secreted). Depleting ICAM-1 in HBEpC with ICAM-1 siRNA and subsequently infecting with H1N1 showed increased viral copy numbers. Influenza virus...
Source: Virology - October 22, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Othumpangat S, Noti JD, McMillen CM, Beezhold DH Tags: Virology Source Type: research

DC-SIGN as an attachment factor mediates Japanese encephalitis virus infection of human dendritic cells via interaction with a single high-mannose residue of viral E glycoprotein.
Abstract The skin-resident dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to be the first defender to encounter incoming viruses and likely play a role in Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) early infection. In the current study, following the demonstration of JEV productive infection in DCs, we revealed that the interaction between JEV envelope glycoprotein (E glycoprotein) and DC-SIGN was important for such infection as evidenced by antibody neutralization and siRNA knockdown experiments. Moreover, the high-mannose N-linked glycan at N154 of E glycoprotein was shown to be crucial for JEV binding to DC-SIGN and subsequent inter...
Source: Virology - November 26, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Wang P, Hu K, Luo S, Zhang M, Deng X, Li C, Jin W, Hu B, He S, Li M, Du T, Xiao G, Zhang B, Liu Y, Hu Q Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Identification of novel HIV-1 dependency factors in primary CCR4 + CCR6 + Th17 cells via a genome-wide transcriptional approach
Conclusions: The transcriptional program of Th17 cells includes molecules regulating HIV replication at multiple post-entry steps that may represent potential targets for novel therapies aimed at protecting Th17 cells from infection and subsequent depletion in HIV-infected subjects.
Source: Retrovirology - December 10, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Aurélie Cleret-BuhotYuwei ZhangDelphine PlanasJean-Philippe GouletPatricia MonteiroAnnie GosselinVanessa WaclecheCécile TremblayMohammad-Ali JenabianJean-Pierre RoutyMohamed El-FarNicolas ChomontElias HaddadRafick-Pierre SekalyPetronela Ancuta Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 7, Pages 6689-6706: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Enhances Antiviral Response through Downregulation of NADPH Sensor HSCARG and Upregulation of NF-κB Signaling
This study examined the mechanism underlying this phenomenon by measuring the expression of antiviral genes—tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and GTPase myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1)—in G6PD-knockdown cells upon human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. Molecular analysis revealed that the promoter activities of TNF-α and MX1 were downregulated in G6PD-knockdown cells, and that the IκB degradation and DNA binding activity of NF-κB were decreased. The HSCARG protein, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) sensor and negative regulator of NF-κB, was upregulated in G6PD-k...
Source: Viruses - December 17, 2015 Category: Virology Authors: Yi-Hsuan WuDaniel ChiuHsin-Ru LinHsiang-Yu TangMei-Ling ChengHung-Yao Ho Tags: Article Source Type: research

A critical role of LAMP-1 in avian reovirus P10 degradation associated with inhibition of apoptosis and virus release
We report here the identification of cellular lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) as an interaction partner of p10 by yeast two-hybrid screening, immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy assays. We found that rapid degradation of p10 was associated with ubiquitination. Importantly, ARV p10 degradation in host cells could be completely abolished by knockdown of LAMP-1 by siRNA, indicating that LAMP-1 is required for ARV p10 degradation in host cells. In contrast, overexpression of LAMP-1 facilitated p10 degradation. Furthermore, knockdown of LAMP-1 allowed p10 accumulation, enhancing p10-induced apoptosis and...
Source: Archives of Virology - January 7, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein gM can interact with the cellular protein p32 and knockdown of p32 impairs virus.
We report here that the long predicted cytoplasmic tail of gM is not required for complex formation and that it interacts with the cellular protein p32, which has been reported to be involved in nuclear egress of human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. Although redistribution of p32 and colocalization with gM was not observed in virus infected cells, knockdown of p32 expression by siRNA or lentivirus-delivered shRNA recapitulated the phenotype of a virus lacking expression of gNgM. A proportion of virus released from cells sedimented with characteristics of virus lacking an intact envelope and there was an increase...
Source: Virology - January 13, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Changotra H, Turk SM, Artigues A, Thakur N, Gore M, Muggeridge MI, Hutt-Fletcher LM Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Protein Phosphatase-1 Regulates Rift Valley Fever Virus Replication
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2016 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Alan Baer, Nazly Shafagati, Ashwini Benedict, Tatiana Ammosova, Andrey Ivanov, Ramin M. Hakami, Kaori Terasaki, Shinji Makino, Sergei Nekhai, Kylene Kehn-Hall Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), genus Phlebovirus family Bunyaviridae, is an arthropod-borne virus endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Recent outbreaks have resulted in cyclic epidemics with an increasing geographic footprint, devastating both livestock and human populations. Despite being recognized as an emerging threat, relatively little is known about the virule...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - January 21, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research

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