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Specialty: Virology

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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Persistent virus in the silkworm cell lines: Bombyx mori latent virus
Uirusu. 2019;68(2):137-146. doi: 10.2222/jsv.68.137.ABSTRACTBombyx mori latent virus (BmLV) is a positive, single-stranded insect RNA virus with a close relationship to plant tymoviruses and currently classified as an "unclassified" tymovirus. BmLV is accumulated at extremely high levels only in cell lines derived from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, but it does not lead to lethality and establishes persistent infections. It was unknown whether BmLV affects the Baculovirus Expression Vector System using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus, and how BmLV replicates and establishes persistent infections in insect cell lines. In this ...
Source: Uirusu. Journal of Virology - September 17, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Masashi Iwanaga Source Type: research

Thymidylate synthase is essential for efficient HIV-1 replication in macrophages
Virology. 2021 Jun 14;561:47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.05.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in nucleotide biosynthesis. A study performed by our group on human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infected with HIV-1 showed that many enzymes related to the folate cycle pathway, such as TS, are upregulated in productively infected cells. Here, we suggest that TS is essential for an effective HIV-1 infection in MDMs. Indeed, a TS specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) as well as the TS specific inhibitor Raltitrexed (RTX) caused a reduction in productively infected cells. Quantit...
Source: Virology - June 19, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Vincent Desrosiers Corinne Barat Yann Breton Michel Ouellet Michel J Tremblay Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 1223: TASPERT: Target-Specific Reverse Transcript Pools to Improve HTS Plant Virus Diagnostics
F Cardwell High-throughput sequencing (HTS) is becoming the new norm of diagnostics in plant quarantine settings. HTS can be used to detect, in theory, all pathogens present in any given sample. The technique’s success depends on various factors, including methods for sample management/preparation and suitable bioinformatic analysis. The Limit of Detection (LoD) of HTS for plant diagnostic tests can be higher than that of PCR, increasing the risk of false negatives in the case of low titer of the target pathogen. Several solutions have been suggested, particularly for RNA viruses, including rRNA depletion of the hos...
Source: Viruses - June 24, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Andres S Espindola Daniela Sempertegui-Bayas Danny F Bravo-Padilla Viviana Freire-Zapata Francisco Ochoa-Corona Kitty F Cardwell Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 1334: Binding of Nanoparticles Harboring Recombinant Large Surface Protein of Hepatitis B Virus to Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1
Conclusions: SR-B1 can function as a receptor for binding and endocytosis of BNCs in HEK293T cells. Being expressed various types of cells, it is suggested that functions as a receptor for BNCs not only in HEK293T cells but also in other types of cells.
Source: Viruses - July 10, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Shuji Hinuma Kazuyo Fujita Shun ’ichi Kuroda Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 1353: Chk1 and the Host Cell DNA Damage Response as a Potential Antiviral Target in BK Polyomavirus Infection
omas D. Friedrich The human BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is latent in the kidneys of most adults, but can be reactivated in immunosuppressed states, such as following renal transplantation. If left unchecked, BK polyomavirus nephropathy (PyVAN) and possible graft loss may result from viral destruction of tubular epithelial cells and interstitial fibrosis. When coupled with regular post-transplant screening, immunosuppression reduction has been effective in limiting BKPyV viremia and the development of PyVAN. Antiviral drugs that are safe and effective in combating BKPyV have not been identified but would be a benefit in com...
Source: Viruses - July 13, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Lydia E. Hainley Martina S. Hughson Amithi Narendran Ralph Smith Justin Arthur Alida Hayner-Buchan David J. Conti John M. Lehman Thomas D. Friedrich Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 1533: Inhibitors of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Identified Based on Host Interaction Partners of Viral Non-Structural Protein 3
In this study, we utilized an overexpression construct encoding HA-tagged nsP3 to identify host proteins that interact with VEEV nsP3 by mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analyses of the putative interactors identified 42 small molecules with the potential to inhibit the host interaction targets, and thus potentially inhibit VEEV. Three inhibitors, tomatidine, citalopram HBr, and Z-VEID-FMK, reduced replication of both the TC-83 strain and the Trinidad donkey (TrD) strain of VEEV by at least 10-fold in astrocytoma, astroglial, and microglial cells. Further, these inhibitors reduced replication of the related New World (NW) ...
Source: Viruses - August 3, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Allison Bakovic Nishank Bhalla Farhang Alem Catherine Campbell Weidong Zhou Aarthi Narayanan Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 1593: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Derived Small RNAs and Changes in Circulating Small RNAs Associated with COVID-19
kus Kuhlmann Cleavage of double-stranded RNA is described as an evolutionary conserved host defense mechanism against viral infection. Small RNAs are the product and triggers of post transcriptional gene silencing events. Up until now, the relevance of this mechanism for SARS-CoV-2-directed immune responses remains elusive. Herein, we used high throughput sequencing to profile the plasma of active and convalescent COVID-19 patients for the presence of small circulating RNAs. The existence of SARS-CoV-2 derived small RNAs in plasma samples of mild and severe COVID-19 cases is described. Clusters of high siRNA abundance ...
Source: Viruses - August 11, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Claudius Grehl Christoph Schulthei ß Katrin Hoffmann Mascha Binder Thomas Altmann Ivo Grosse Markus Kuhlmann Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

The parapoxvirus Orf virus inhibits IFN- β expression induced by dsRNA
Virus Res. 2021 Nov 3:198619. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198619. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOrf virus (ORFV) is the type species of the Parapoxvirus genus that belongs to the Poxviridae family. Type I interferons (IFN) are critical in the host defence against viruses. They induce hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) many of which have an antiviral role. The ability of ORFV to modulate type I IFN production was undertaken to investigate whether ORFV could inhibit IFN-β expression via dsRNA dependant signalling pathways. HEK293 cells are known to lack DNA pattern-recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors ...
Source: Virus Research - November 7, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Basheer A AlDaif Andrew A Mercer Stephen B Fleming Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2267: Major Vault Protein Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection in CRL2843CD163 Cell Lines and Primary Porcine Alveolar Macrophages
In this study, we evaluated the effect of MVP on PRRSV infection in CRL2843CD163 cell lines and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Our results showed that MVP expression was downregulated by PRRSV infection. Adenoviral overexpression of MVP inhibited PRRSV replication, whereas the siRNA knockdown of MVP promoted PRRSV replication. In addition, MVP knockdown has an adverse effect on the inhibitive role of MVP overexpression on PRRSV replication. Moreover, MVP could induce the expression of type Ⅰ IFNs and IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) in PRRSV-infected PAMs. Based on these results, MVP may be a potential molecular targ...
Source: Viruses - November 12, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Xiaoping Wu Junyang Fang Qiuping Huang Xu Chen Zhongyi Guo Lingyujia Tian Enmin Zhou Jianxin Chen Yang Mu Taofeng Du Tags: Article Source Type: research