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Ginsenoside Rd attenuates myocardial ischemia injury through improving mitochondrial biogenesis via WNT5A/Ca < sup > 2+ < /sup > pathways
Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Sep 1;957:176044. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176044. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGinsenoside Rd, one of the main active components in ginseng, exerts various biological activities. However, its effectiveness on myocardial ischemia injury and its potential mechanism need further clarification. The model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia injury (MI) mice and cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced cardiomyocytes injury were performed. Ginsenoside Rd significantly alleviated MI injury, as evidenced by ameliorated cardiac pathological features and improved cardiac function. Simultaneously, gins...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - September 3, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zekun Cui Lifei Gu Tao Liu Yining Liu Boyang Yu Junping Kou Fang Li Kun Yang Source Type: research

Schisanhenol Attenuates OxLDL-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction via an AMPK-Dependent Mechanism
In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated with SAL and oxLDL. Our results showed that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation was enhanced in cells pre-treated with SAL in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners. Subsequently, oxLDL-induced AMPK dephosphorylation and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation were significantly reversed in the presence of SAL. In addition, SAL treatment led to an inhibiting effect on the oxLDL-induced membrane assembly of NADPH oxidase subunits, and a similar effect was observed in ROS generation. This effect was further c...
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine - July 30, 2023 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Tsan-Hung Chiu Chang-Wen Ku Tsung-Jung Ho Kun-Ling Tsai Wei-Ching Hsu Yu-An Chen Hsiu-Chung Ou Hsiu-I Chen Source Type: research

Mitochondrial calpain-5 truncates caspase-4 during endoplasmic reticulum stress
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022 Mar 31;608:156-162. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.156. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCalpains are cysteine proteases activated in response to intracellular calcium signaling. Activated calpains regulate various cellular functions by degrading substrate molecules in a site-specific manner. Although most calpains are localized in the cytosol, we previously reported that calpain-5 exists in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial calpain-5 is activated during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the substrate of calpain-5, as well as the physiological significance of calpain-5 activation, has...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - April 10, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yusaku Chukai Ginga Ito Masahide Konno Yuri Sakata Taku Ozaki Source Type: research

GSE152317 Identification of BBOX1 as a Therapeutic Target in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Contributors : Jeremy M Simon ; Qing ZhangSeries Type : Expression profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Homo sapiensTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly lethal disease. Because of its heterogeneity and lack of hormone receptors or HER2 expression, targeted therapy is limited. Here, by performing a functional siRNA screening for 2-OG –dependent enzymes, we identified gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase 1 (BBOX1) as an essential gene for TNBC tumorigenesis. BBOX1 depletion inhibits TNBC cell growth while not affecting normal breast cells. Mechanistically, BBOX1 binds with the calcium ch...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - December 2, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing Homo sapiens Source Type: research

l-ornithine activates Ca2+ signaling to exert its protective function on human proximal tubular cells.
Abstract Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation can be influenced by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated regulation of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signaling. ROS production are much higher in proximal tubular (PT) cells; in addition, the lack of antioxidants enhances the vulnerability to oxidative damage. Despite such predispositions, PT cells show resiliency, and therefore must possess some inherent mechanism to protect from oxidative damage. While the mechanism in unknown, we tested the effect of l-ornithine, since it is abundantly present in PT luminal fluid and can activate calci...
Source: Cellular Signalling - November 22, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Shin S, Gombedza FC, Bandyopadhyay BC Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Naringenin Produces Neuroprotection Against LPS-Induced Dopamine Neurotoxicity via the Inhibition of Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that NAR targeted microglial NLRP3 inflammasome to protect DA neurons against LPS-induced neurotoxicity. These findings suggest NAR might hold a promising therapeutic potential for PD. Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) degenerative disease. It is characterized by slow and progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra (SN) with the accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and neuritis (1). Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, amounts of studies have suggested that ne...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Complex roads from genotype to phenotype in dilated cardiomyopathy: scientific update from the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology
This article is part of the Mini Review Series from the Varenna 2017 meeting of the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology.
Source: Cardiovascular Research - May 23, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Overexpression of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase protects insulin-secreting cells against cytokine toxicity Metabolism
In conclusion, the relatively low endogenous Spl expression level in insulin-secreting cells contributes to their extraordinary vulnerability to proinflammatory cytokine toxicity and may therefore represent a promising target for β-cell protection in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - December 8, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Claudine Hahn, Karolina Tyka, Julie D. Saba, Sigurd Lenzen, Ewa Gurgul-Convey Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research