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Source: Neurochemical Research

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Total 105 results found since Jan 2013.

DNMT1, a Novel Regulator Mediating mTORC1/mTORC2 Pathway-Induced NGF Expression in Schwann Cells.
Abstract Schwann cells play an important role in maintaining the normal function of peripheral nerves via the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF). The mTOR signaling pathway is known as a kind of Ser/Thr protein kinase that regulates various cell functions. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is an epigenetic regulator and downstream target of the mTOR pathway. In the present study, we explored the relationship between NGF expression and the mTOR pathway/DNMT1 in RSC96 cells. The results showed that both rapamycin and Torin 1 downregulated NGF expression via the inhibition of phospho-mTOR (Ser 2448) and phospho-S6K...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 18, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cheng M, Lv X, Zhang C, Du W, Liu Y, Zhu L, Hao J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Lead Neurotoxicity on Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y is Mediated via Transcription Factor EGR1/Zif268 Induced Disrupted in Scherophernia-1 Activation.
Abstract Lead (Pb2+) is a well-known type of neurotoxin and chronic exposure to Pb2+ induces cognition dysfunction. In this work, the potential role of early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) in the linkage of Pb2+ exposure and disrupted in scherophernia-1 (DISC1) activity was investigated. Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was subjected to different concentrations of lead acetate (PbAc) to determine the effect of Pb2+ exposure on the cell viability, apoptosis, and activity of EGR1 and DISC1. Then the expression of EGR1 in SH-SY5Y cells was knocked down with specific siRNA to assess the function of EGR1 in Pb2+ in...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 4, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: You Y, Peng B, Ben S, Hou W, Sun L, Jiang W Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Paeoniflorin Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells via Suppression Transforming Growth Factor β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.
Abstract Paeoniflorin (PF) is a polyphenolic compound derived from Radix Paeoniae Alba thathas anti-cancer activities in a variety of human malignancies including glioblastoma. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized as losing cell polarity, plays an essential role in tumor invasion and metastasis. TGFβ, a key member of transforming growth factors, has been demonstrated to contribute to glioblastoma aggressiveness through inducing EMT. Therefore, the present studies aim to investigate whether PF suppresses the expression of TGFβ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - February 8, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang Z, Liu Z, Yu G, Nie X, Jia W, Liu RE, Xu R Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Naringenin Exerts Anti-inflammatory Effects in Paraquat-Treated SH-SY5Y Cells Through a Mechanism Associated with the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis.
Abstract Naringenin (NGN; 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one; C15H12O5), a flavanone, is found in citrus fruits and has been viewed as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. NGN is a potent inducer of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme exhibiting both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The complete mechanism by which NGN exerts anti-inflammatory actions is not completely understood yet. Therefore, we investigated here whether NGN would be able to reduce the inflammation induced by paraquat ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - February 6, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: de Oliveira MR, Andrade CMB, Fürstenau CR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Resveratrol Attenuates the Cytotoxicity Induced by Amyloid- β1-42 in PC12 Cells by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway.
Resveratrol Attenuates the Cytotoxicity Induced by Amyloid-β1-42 in PC12 Cells by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway. Neurochem Res. 2017 Oct 31;: Authors: Hui Y, Chengyong T, Cheng L, Haixia H, Yuanda Z, Weihua Y Abstract Oxidative stress and cytotoxic damage induced by amyloid beta (Aβ) have been considered pivotal in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may represent a target for treatment. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway elicits a survival signal to protect against multiple injuries, and the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 31, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hui Y, Chengyong T, Cheng L, Haixia H, Yuanda Z, Weihua Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Knockdown of Heat Shock Proteins HSPA6 (Hsp70B') and HSPA1A (Hsp70-1) Sensitizes Differentiated Human Neuronal Cells to Cellular Stress.
Abstract Heat shock proteins are involved in cellular repair and protective mechanisms that counter characteristic features of neurodegenerative diseases such as protein misfolding and aggregation. The HSPA (Hsp70) multigene family includes the widely studied HSPA1A (Hsp70-1) and the little studied HSPA6 (Hsp70B') which is present in the human genome and not in mouse and rat. The effect of knockdown of HSPA6 and HSPA1A expression was examined in relation to the ability of differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to tolerate thermal stress. Low dose co-application of celastrol and arimoclomol, which induces Hsps...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 31, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Deane CAS, Brown IR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Mediates the Antioxidative Effects of Taurine Against Corticosterone-Induced Cell Death in HUMAN SK-N-SH Cells.
Abstract Substantial evidence has shown that elevated circulating corticosteroids or chronic stress contributes to neuronal cell death, cognitive and mental disorders. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Taurine is considered to protect neuronal cells from apoptotic cell death in neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. In the present study, the protective effects of taurine against corticosterone (CORT)-induced oxidative damage in SK-N-SH neuronal cells were investigated. The results showed that CORT significantly induced cell death, which was blocked by pretreatment with taurine...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 23, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sun Q, Jia N, Yang J, Chen G Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Fascin-1 Contributes to Neuropathic Pain by Promoting Inflammation in Rat Spinal Cord.
Abstract Neuropathic pain is a complicated clinical syndrome caused by heterogeneous etiology. Despite the fact that the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, it is well accepted that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development of neuropathic pain. Fascin-1, an actin-bundling protein, has been proved to be involved in the processing of diverse biological events including cellular development, immunity, and tumor invasion etc. Recent studies have shown that Fascin-1 participates in antigen presentation and the regulation of pro-inflammatory agents. However, whether Fascin-1 is involved in neuropathic...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang B, Fan B, Dai Q, Xu X, Jiang P, Zhu L, Dai H, Yao Z, Xu Z, Liu X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Unconventional Myosin ID is Involved in Remyelination After Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination.
Abstract Myelin, which is a multilamellar structure that sheathes the axon, is essential for normal neuronal function. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs), which wrap their plasma membrane around axons. The dynamic membrane trafficking system, which relies on motor proteins, is required for myelin formation and maintenance. Previously, we reported that myosin ID (Myo1d) is distributed in rat CNS myelin and is especially enriched in the outer and inner cytoplasm-containing loops. Further, small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment highlighted the involvement of Myo1d in th...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 6, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yamazaki R, Baba H, Yamaguchi Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Regulation of Clock Genes by Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Osteoblasts.
Abstract The clock system has been identified as one of the major mechanisms controlling cellular functions. Circadian clock gene oscillations also actively participate in the functions of various cell types including bone-related cells. Previous studies demonstrated that clock genes were expressed in bone tissue and also that their expression exhibited circadian rhythmicity. Recent findings have shown that sympathetic tone plays a central role in biological oscillations in bone. Adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling regulates the expression of clock genes in cancellous bone. Furthermore, α1-AR signaling in osteobla...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 27, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hirai T Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Ginkgolide B Suppresses Methamphetamine-Induced Microglial Activation Through TLR4-NF- κB Signaling Pathway in BV2 Cells.
Ginkgolide B Suppresses Methamphetamine-Induced Microglial Activation Through TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in BV2 Cells. Neurochem Res. 2017 Jul 15;: Authors: Wan F, Zang S, Yu G, Xiao H, Wang J, Tang J Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that microglial cells have altered morphology and proliferation in different brain regions of methamphetamine (Meth) abusers and Meth-abusing animal models. However, the possible mechanisms underlying Meth-induced microglial activation remain poorly understood. Meanwhile, Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) is closely associated with inflammation. Therefore the aim of th...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 15, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wan F, Zang S, Yu G, Xiao H, Wang J, Tang J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

2',3'-Dideoxycytidine Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.
Abstract DNA polymerase-β (DNA pol-β) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a DNA polymerase-β inhibitor 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (DDC) in PD models. In the in vitro studies, primary cultured neurons were challenged with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)). The expression of DNA pol-β was assessed using western blot. The neuroprotective effect of DNA pol-β knockdown and DNA pol-β inhibitor DDC was determined using cell viability assay and caspase-3 activity assay. We found that MPP(+) induced neuronal de...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Niu J, Xiong J, Hu D, Zeng F, Nie S, Mao S, Wang T, Zhang Z, Zhang Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Genipin Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in BV2 Microglial Cells.
In conclusion, genipin inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway in BV2 microglia. PMID: 28497344 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 11, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang J, Chen L, Liang Z, Li Y, Yuan F, Liu J, Tian Y, Hao Z, Zhou F, Liu X, Cao Y, Zheng Y, Li Q Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Glycogen Shunt Activity and Glycolytic Supercompensation in Astrocytes May Be Distinctly Mediated via the Muscle Form of Glycogen Phosphorylase.
Abstract Glycogen is the main storage form of glucose in the brain. In contrast with previous beliefs, brain glycogen has recently been shown to play important roles in several brain functions. A fraction of metabolized glucose molecules are being shunted through glycogen before reentering the glycolytic pathway, a phenomenon known as the glycogen shunt. The significance of glycogen in astrocyte energetics is underlined by high activity of the glycogen shunt and the finding that inhibition of glycogen degradation, under some conditions leads to a disproportional increase in glycolytic activity, so-called glycolyti...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 11, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jakobsen E, Bak LK, Walls AB, Reuschlein AK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

P2X7 Participates in Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Secondary Brain Injury in Rats via MAPKs Signaling Pathways.
This study aimed to study the role of P2X7 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury (SBI) and the underlying mechanisms. An autologous blood injection was used to induce ICH model in Sprague-Dawley rats, and cultured primary rat cortical neurons were exposed to oxyhemoglobin to mimic ICH in vitro. siRNA interference and over-expression of P2X7, agonists and antagonists of P2X7, p38 MAPK and ERK were exploited. The protein levels were assessed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and Fluoro-Jade B were conducted ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 9, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wen Z, Mei B, Li H, Dou Y, Tian X, Shen M, Chen G Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research