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JAB1 is Involved in Neuropathic Pain by Regulating JNK and NF-κB Activation After Chronic Constriction Injury.
This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of JAB1. Here, employing a neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) on rats, we reported the role of JAB1 in the maintenance of neuropathic pain. By western blot, we found that CCI markedly up-regulated JAB1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord. Immunofluorescent assay demonstrated that JAB1 was extensively localized in IB4-, CGRP- and NF200-positive neurons in the injured L5 DRG, and mainly co-localized with NeuN in spinal cord. In addition, we showed that CCI induced phosphorylation of p65 and JNK in vivo. Intrathe...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 23, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen Y, Chen X, Yu J, Xu X, Wei X, Gu X, Liu C, Zhang D, Xu Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Loss of SDHB Elevates Catecholamine Synthesis and Secretion Depending on ROS Production and HIF Stabilization.
Abstract Germline mutations in genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunits are associated with the development of familial pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas [hereditary paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma syndrome (HPPS)]. In particular, a mutation in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) is highly associated with abdominal paraganglioma and subsequent distant metastasis (malignant paraganglioma), indicating the importance of SDHB genetic testing. The discovery of HPPS suggests an association among genetic mitochondrial defects, tumor development, and catecholamine oversecretion. To investigate this associati...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 30, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Saito Y, Ishii KA, Aita Y, Ikeda T, Kawakami Y, Shimano H, Hara H, Takekoshi K Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Sodium Benzoate, a Metabolite of Cinnamon and a Food Additive, Upregulates Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor in Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes.
Abstract Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a promyelinating trophic factor that plays an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, mechanisms by which CNTF expression could be increased in the brain are poorly understood. Recently we have discovered anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of sodium benzoate (NaB), a metabolite of cinnamon and a widely-used food additive. Here, we delineate that NaB is also capable of increasing the mRNA and protein expression of CNTF in primary mouse astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and primary human astrocytes. Accordingly, oral administration of NaB and ci...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 23, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Modi KK, Jana M, Mondal S, Pahan K Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The Epigenetic Reader BRD2 as a Specific Modulator of PAI-1 Expression in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Mouse Primary Astrocytes.
In this study, we investigated the role of epigenetic readers BRD2 and BRD4 in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune responses in mouse primary astrocytes. Inflammatory stimulation by LPS showed that the levels of Brd2 mRNA and protein were increased, while Brd4 mRNA levels did not change. Knocking down of Brd2 mRNA using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) in cultured mouse primary astrocytes inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression and secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). However, no other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Il-6, Il-1β and Tnf-α, were affected. Indeed, treatment with bromodoma...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 8, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Choi CS, Hong SH, Sim S, Cho KS, Kim JW, Yang SM, Jeon SJ, You JS, Shin CY Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Linalool Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammation in BV2 Microglia Cells by Activating Nrf2.
In conclusion, these results suggested that linalool inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. PMID: 26040565 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 4, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Li Y, Lv O, Zhou F, Li Q, Wu Z, Zheng Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Critical Role of TAK1-Dependent Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced Astrocyte Activation and Subsequent Neuronal Death.
Abstract 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been recently shown to elicit inflammatory response in a number of cell-types. However, whether TCDD could provoke inflammation in astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in central nervous system (CNS), remains virtually unknown. In the present study, we showed that TCDD exposure could induce evident astrocyte activation both in vivo and in vitro. Further, we found that TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a critical regulator of NF-κB signaling, was rapidly phosphorylated in the process of TCDD-induced reactive astroglia. Exposure to TCDD led to rapid TAK1 ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 22, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wan C, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Jiang S, Nie X, Li A, Guo A, Wu Q Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Epigenetic Regulation of Dopamine Transporter mRNA Expression in Human Neuroblastoma Cells.
Abstract The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a key regulator of dopaminergic neurotransmission. As such, proper regulation of DAT expression is important to maintain homeostasis, and disruption of DAT expression can lead to neurobehavioral dysfunction. Based on genomic features within the promoter of the DAT gene, there is potential for DAT expression to be regulated through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation. However, the relative contribution of these mechanisms to DAT expression has not been empirically determined. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we demonstrate th...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 12, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Green AL, Hossain MM, Tee SC, Zarbl H, Guo GL, Richardson JR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Erythropoietin Attenuates Advanced Glycation Endproducts-Induced Toxicity of Schwann Cells In Vitro.
Abstract Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-induced cytotoxicity is regarded as one of the main mechanisms responsible for neurological disorders. Although erythropoietin (EPO) is demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases, the effects of EPO on AGEs-induced toxicity of Schwann cells (SCs) remain open for investigation. Primary cultured SCs isolated from 4 day-old Wistar rats were exposed to AGEs with or without EPO treatment for 5 days. AGEs decreased cell viability, increased apoptotic rate, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and reduced total glutathione ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 14, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yu T, Li L, Chen T, Liu Z, Liu H, Li Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Ephrin/Ephrin Receptor Expression in Ammonia-Treated Rat Astrocytes and in Human Cerebral Cortex in Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Abstract Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) represents a neuropsychiatric syndrome, which evolves as a consequence of a low grade cerebral edema and a concomitant oxidative/nitrosative stress response. Ephrin receptors (EphR) and their ligands (ephrins) regulate astrocytic glutamate uptake and gliotransmitter release thereby governing neurotransmission, but their role in HE and ammonia toxicity is unclear. We therefore tested effects of ammonia on expression levels of EphR/ephrin isoforms in cultured rat astrocytes and analysed underlying mechanisms. NH4Cl induced mRNA expression changes of several EphR/ephrin isoforms i...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 27, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sobczyk K, Jördens MS, Karababa A, Görg B, Häussinger D Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is Involved in the Neuroprotective Effect of Propofol.
In this study, we found that propofol up-regulated BiP and attenuated tunicamycin-induced neural cell death. Propofol pretreatment also inhibited tunicamycin-induced up-regulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). We also found that propofol or tunicamycin alone increased the levels of spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) and cleaved activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), an active form of ATF6. However, pretreatment with propofol attenuated the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase receptor-like ER kinase, phosphorylated elF2α, ATF4, and caspase-3, but failed to affect the increase of cleaved ATF6 and XBP1s, induced by tunicamyci...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 25, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang L, Tang W, Jiang T, Lu P, Li Y, Sun A, Shen Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Zong Z, Wang Y, Chen L, Shen Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Down-Regulation of miRNA-30a Alleviates Cerebral Ischemic Injury Through Enhancing Beclin 1-Mediated Autophagy.
In this study, the effects of miRNA-30a on ischemic injury in N2A cells and cultured cortical neurons after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), and mouse brain with MCAO-induced ischemic stroke were evaluated. The results showed that miRNA-30a expression levels were up regulated in the brain of mice after 6 h MCAO without reperfusion, but significantly down regulated in the peri-infarct region of mice with 1 h MCAO/24 h reperfusion and in N2A cells after 1 h OGD/6-48 h reoxygenation. Both the conversion ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I and Beclin 1 protein level increased in N2A cel...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 26, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang P, Liang J, Li Y, Li J, Yang X, Zhang X, Han S, Li S, Li J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

A Role of CPEB1 in the Modulation of Proliferation and Neuronal Maturation of Rat Primary Neural Progenitor Cells.
In this study, we found the expression of CPEB1 in cultured rat primary neural progenitor cells (NPCs). EGF stimulation of cultured NPCs induced rapid phosphorylation of CPEB1, a hallmark of CPEB1-dependent translational control along with cyclin B1 polyadenylation and translation. EGF-induced activation of ERK1/2 and Aurora A kinase was responsible for CPEB1 phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibition studies suggested that ERK1/2 is involved in the activation of Aurora A kinase and regulation of CPEB1 phosphorylation in cultured NPCs. Long-term incubation in EGF resulted in the down-regulation of CPEB1 expression, which ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 4, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kim KC, Kim JW, Choi CS, Han SY, Cheong JH, Han SH, Yang SI, Bahn GH, Shin CY Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Changes in Ataxin-10 expression after sciatic nerve crush in adult rats.
Abstract Ataxin-10 is a cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the family of armadillo repeat proteins and the ataxin proteins are ubiquitously expressed in nervous tissue. A loss of Ataxin-10 in primary neuronal cells causes increased apoptosis of cerebellar neurons. Knockdown of ATXN10 with siRNA in HeLa cells results in cytokinesis defects-multinucleation. Because of the essential role of Ataxin-10 in nervous system and cellular cytokinesis, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression of Ataxin-10 in a rat sciatic nerve crush (SNC) model. After never injury, we observed that Ataxin-10 had a significant up-regula...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cheng X, Gan L, Zhao J, Chen M, Liu Y, Wang Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axonal Outgrowth Through the Amino-Nogo-A Signaling Pathway.
Abstract Nogo-A is a myelin-derived inhibitor playing a pivotal role in the prevention of axonal regeneration. A functional domain of Nogo-A, Amino-Nogo, exerts an inhibitory effect on axonal regeneration, although the mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated the role of the Amino-Nogo-integrin signaling pathway in primary retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with respect to axonal outgrowth, which is required for axonal regeneration. Immunohistochemistry showed that integrin αv, integrin α5 and FAK were widely expressed in the visual system. Thy-1 and GAP-43 immunofluorescence showed that axonal outgrowth ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 12, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Huo Y, Yin XL, Ji SX, Zou H, Lang M, Zheng Z, Cai XF, Liu W, Chen CL, Zhou YG, Yuan RD, Ye J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The Role of HSPA12B in Regulating Neuronal Apoptosis.
Abstract Heat shock protein A12B (HSPA12B) is the newest member of a recently defined subfamily of proteins distantly related to the 70-kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70) family. HSP70s play a crucial role in protecting cells, tissues, organs and animals from various noxious conditions. Here we studied the dynamic expression changes and localization of HSPA12B after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with reperfusion induced ischemic insult processes in adult rats. Apoptosis, as indicated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, was also increased in the peri-is...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 30, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kang L, Zhang G, Yan Y, Ke K, Wu X, Gao Y, Li J, Zhu L, Wu Q, Zhou Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

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