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Oxabicycloheptene Sulfonate Protects Against β-Amyloid-induced Toxicity by Activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK Signaling Pathways Via GPER1 in C6 Cells.
Abstract Oxabicycloheptene sulfonate (OBHS) is a novel bicyclic core selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonistic-activity and anti-inflammatory activity. However, little is known about protective action of OBHS on neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, OBHS demonstrated a remarkably protective effect against amyloid beta (Aβ) induced cytotoxicity via G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in rat astroglial cell line (C6). The C6 cell death induced by Aβ was decreased by OBHS (1 μM) treatment for 45 min. This rapid protective action was blocked by GP...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 4, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Deng LJ, Cheng C, Wu J, Wang CH, Zhou HB, Huang J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Hemin protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis activation via neuroglobin in SH-SY5Y cells.
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of hemin in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated neurons. OGD-treated SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma cells) were used in the study. The cellular viability of SH-SY5Y cells was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry analysis with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining with or without hemin pretreatment. Cell viability and apoptotic activation were detected after hemin administration combined with neuro...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 18, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang YJ, Peng QY, Deng SY, Chen CX, Wu L, Huang L, Zhang LN Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Cdc42 Promotes Schwann Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Wnt/ β-Catenin and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway After Sciatic Nerve Injury.
Cdc42 Promotes Schwann Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Wnt/β-Catenin and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway After Sciatic Nerve Injury. Neurochem Res. 2017 Jan 17;: Authors: Han B, Zhao JY, Wang WT, Li ZW, He AP, Song XY Abstract Schwann cells (SCs) are unique glial cells in the peripheral nerve and may secrete multiple neurotrophic factors, adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix molecules to form the microenvironment of peripheral nerve regeneration, guiding and supporting nerve proliferation and migration. Cdc42 plays an important regulatory role in dynamic changes of the cytoskeleton. However, ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 16, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Han B, Zhao JY, Wang WT, Li ZW, He AP, Song XY Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Pinocembrin Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Methylglyoxal: Role for the Erk1/2-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.
Abstract Pinocembrin (PB; 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is found in propolis and exhibits antioxidant activity in several experimental models. The antioxidant capacity of PB is associated with the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway. The Nrf2/ARE axis mediates the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the catalytic (GCLC) and regulatory (GCLM) subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), γ-glutamate-...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 20, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: de Oliveira MR, Peres A, Ferreira GC Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The Expression of IGFBP6 after Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Neuronal Apoptosis.
In this study, we have performed an acute SCI model in adult rats and investigated the dynamic changes of IGFBP6 expression in the spinal cord. Our results showed that IGFBP6 was upregulated significantly after SCI, which was paralleled with the levels of apoptotic proteins p53 and active caspase-3. Immunofluorescent labeling showed that IGFBP6 was co-localizated with active caspase-3 and p53 in neurons. To further investigate the function of IGFBP6, an apoptosis model was established in primary neuronal cells. When IGFBP6 was knocked down by specific short interfering RNA (siRNA), the protein levels of active caspase-3 an...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 25, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang S, Liu Y, Wu C, Zhao W, Zhang J, Bao G, Xu G, Sun Y, Chen J, Cui Z Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

MEKK1 Associated with Neuronal Apoptosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
In this study, we identified a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), MEKK1, may be involved in neuronal apoptosis in the processes of ICH through the activation of JNKs. From the results of western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we obtained a significant up-regulation of MEKK1 in neurons adjacent to the hematoma following ICH. Increasing MEKK1 level was found to be accompanied with the up-regulation of p-JNK 3, p53, and c-jun. Besides, MEKK1 co-localized well with p-JNK in neurons, indicating its potential role in neuronal apoptosis. What's more, our in vitro study, using MEKK1 siRNA interference in PC12 cells, ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 22, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lu H, Ning X, Tao X, Ren J, Song X, Tao W, Zhu L, Han L, Tao T, Yang J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Upregulation of PLZF is Associated with Neuronal Injury in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation.
In this study, we performed a neuroinflammatory model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lateral ventricle injection in adult rats and detected increased expression of PLZF in the brain cortex. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that PLZF was significantly increased in neurons 3 day after LPS injection, but not in astrocytes and microglia. Moreover, there was a concomitant upregulation of active caspase-3, cyclin D1, and CDK4 in vivo and vitro studies. In addition, the expression of these proteins in cortical primary neurons was inhibited after knocking down PLZF by siRNA. Collectively, all these results suggested that the upreg...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 18, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: He M, Liu Y, Shen J, Duan C, Lu X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Anti-neuroinflammatory Effect of Emodin in LPS-Stimulated Microglia: Involvement of AMPK/Nrf2 Activation.
This study examined whether emodin can activate AMPK/Nrf2 signaling and induce the expression of genes targeted by this pathway. In addition, the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of emodin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia were examined. In microglia, the emodin treatment increased the levels of LKB1, CaMKII, and AMPK phosphorylation. Emodin increased the translocation and transactivity of Nrf2 and enhanced the levels of HO-1 and NQO1. In addition, the emodin-mediated expression of HO-1 and NQO1 was attenuated completely by an AMPK inhibitor (compound C). Moreover, emodin decreased dramatically the LPS-indu...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 18, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Park SY, Jin ML, Ko MJ, Park G, Choi YW Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Ammonium Increases TRPC1 Expression Via Cav-1/PTEN/AKT/GSK3β Pathway.
Abstract Hyperammonemia occurring following acute liver failure is the primary cause of hepatic encephalopathy. In the brain, ammonium is catabolised by glutamine synthetase expressed exclusively in astroglia; ammonium overload impairs astroglial homeostatic systems. Previously, we had reported that chronic treatment with 3 mM ammonia increased expression of transient receptor potential canonic 1 (TRPC1) channels and Ca(2+) release from intracellular Ca(2+) stores (Liang et al. in Neurochem Res 39:2127-2135, 2014). Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) has a key role in several astroglial signalling pathways and...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 13, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang W, Gu L, Verkhratsky A, Peng L Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Complex Effect of RNA Spliceosome Inhibition on Amyloid Precursor Protein Expression.
Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide health problem that requires more effective cures and better understanding. Evidence of both pathology and genetics strongly points to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the pathogenesis of this devastating disease. Recent studies demonstrated U1 spliceosomal proteopathy and RNA splicing deficiency in AD brains; and inhibition of certain U1 components (U1-70K and snRNA) increased APP protein level as well as its amyloidogenic cleavage products. This intriguing discovery provides a potential mechanism for amyloid formation in AD brains. To determine whether this...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 30, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang N, He L, Feng H, Kong Y, Wang J, Zhang J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

SIRT2 Plays Significant Roles in Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Neuroinflammation and Brain Injury in Mice.
Abstract Several recent studies have suggested seemingly contrasting roles of SIRT2 in inflammation: Our previous cell culture study has indicated that SIRT2 siRNA-produced decrease in SIRT2 levels can lead to significant inhibition of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 microglia, suggesting that SIRT2 is required for LPS-induced microglial activation. In contrast, some studies have suggested that SIRT2 deficiency can lead to increased inflammation. In our current study, we used a mouse model of neuroinflammation to determine the roles of SIRT2 in LPS-induced inflammation. We found that administra...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 26, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang B, Zhang Y, Cao W, Wei X, Chen J, Ying W Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Temporal and Spatial Expression of LGR5 After Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats.
In this study, we examined LGR5 expression and cellular localization in rats following acute SCI. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry exhibited an important upregulation of LGR5 in injury spinal cord. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that LGR5 was co-expressed with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Moreover, we detected that PCNA had colocalization with LGR5 and GFAP after SCI. In the vitro model, we could find the enhanced expression of LGR5 in the primary astrocyte which was induced by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In particular, we found the significantly decreased ability for proliferation whe...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 22, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen X, Hao J, Fu T, Liu J, Yu M, He S, Qian R, Zhang F Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Prenatal Exposure to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Affects Gene Expression of Autism-Related Molecules and Delays Neuronal Maturation.
Abstract Valproic acid (VPA) is a multi-target drug and an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC). We have previously demonstrated that prenatal exposure to VPA at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5), but not at E14.5, causes autism-like behavioral abnormalities in male mouse offspring. We have also found that prenatal VPA exposure causes transient histone hyperacetylation in the embryonic brain, followed by decreased neuronal cell numbers in the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices after birth. In the present study, we examined whether prenatal HDAC inhibition affects neuronal maturation in primary mouse cortical neuron...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 13, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kawanai T, Ago Y, Watanabe R, Inoue A, Taruta A, Onaka Y, Hasebe S, Hashimoto H, Matsuda T, Takuma K Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

PCBP2 Modulates Neural Apoptosis and Astrocyte Proliferation After Spinal Cord Injury.
In this study, we performed an acute spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats and investigated the dynamic changes of PCBP2 expression in the spinal cord. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that PCBP2 presented in normal spinal cord. It gradually increased, reached a peak at 3 day, and then declined to basal levels at 14 days after SCI. We observed that the expression of PCBP2 was enhanced in the gray and white matter. Immunofluorescence indicated that PCBP2 was located in the neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, colocalization of PCBP2/active caspase-3 was detected in neurons, and colocalization of...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 20, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mao X, Liu J, Chen C, Zhang W, Qian R, Chen X, Lu H, Ge J, Zhao C, Zhang D, Wang Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

A Pit-1 Binding Site Adjacent to E-box133 in the Rat PRL Promoter is Necessary for Pulsatile Gene Expression Activity.
In this study, using serum shocked GH3 cell culture system to synchronize PRL-GE activity, we determined that Pit-1 gene expression occurred in pulses with time phases similar to that for PRL. Interestingly, EMSA analysis not only confirmed Pit-1 binding to the P2 site, but also revealed an interaction with factor(s) binding to the adjacent E-box133 promoter element. Additionally, down-regulation of Pit-1 by siRNA reduced PRL levels during pulse periods. Thus, using multiple evidences, our results demonstrate clearly that the Pit-1 P2 site is necessary for PRL-GE elaboration. Furthermore, the proximity of this critical Pit...
Source: Neurochemical Research - February 15, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bose S, Ganguly S, Kumar S, Boockfor FR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

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