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Source: Biology of Reproduction

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Total 100 results found since Jan 2013.

Adiponectin Inhibits Nutrient Transporters and Promotes Apoptosis in Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts: Involvement in the Control of Fetal Growth.
Abstract The placenta exchanges nutrients between the mother and the fetus, and requires a constant abundant energy supply. Adiponectin (a cytokine produced primarily by adipose tissue) controls glucose and lipid homeostasis. It is well known that maternal serum adiponectin levels are inversely related to birth weight suggesting that adiponectin has a negative effect on fetal growth. This effect appears to be related to the control of nutrient transporters in human placenta. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been characterized. In the present work, we studied adiponectin's direct effect on ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - March 29, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Duval F, Dos Santos E, Poidatz D, Sérazin V, Gronier H, Vialard F, Dieudonné MN Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Deletion of Arid1a in Reproductive Tract Mesenchymal Cells Reduces Fertility in Female Mice.
Abstract Women with endometriosis can suffer from decreased fecundity or complete infertility via abnormal oocyte function or impaired placental-uterine interactions required for normal pregnancy establishment and maintenance. Although AT-rich interactive domain 1A (SWI-like) (ARID1A) is a putative tumor suppressor in human endometrial cancers and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers, little is known about its role in normal uterine function. To study the potential function of ARID1A in the female reproductive tract, we generated mice with a conditional knockout of Arid1a using anti-Müllerian hormone receptor...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - March 9, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang X, Khatri S, Broaddus R, Wang Z, Hawkins SM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Human Placenta-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells Involved in Placental Angiogenesis via the PDGF-BB and STAT3 Pathways.
In conclusion, endothelial cell-hPMSC interactions occur during vessel development of placenta. Endothelial cell-derived PDGF-BB recruits hPMSCs involved in vascular development via PDGFR-beta/STAT3 activation. PMID: 26353894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - September 9, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Chen CY, Liu SH, Chen CY, Chen PC, Chen CP Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Evidence Supporting a Role for SMAD2/3 in Bovine Early Embryonic Development: Potential Implications for Embryotropic Actions of Follistatin.
In conclusion, the present work provides evidence supporting a functional role of SMAD2/3 in bovine early embryogenesis and that specific stimulatory actions of follistatin are not observed in the absence of SMAD2/3 signaling. PMID: 26289443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - August 19, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Zhang K, Rajput SK, Lee KB, Wang D, Huang J, Folger JK, Knott JG, Zhang J, Smith GW Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Progestin and adipoQ Receptor 7, Progesterone Membrane Receptor Component 1 (PGRMC1) and PGRMC2 and Their Role in Regulating Progesterone's Ability to Suppress Human Granulosa/Luteal Cells from Entering into the Cell Cycle.
Abstract The present studies were designed to determine the role of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC1), PGRMC2, Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor 7 (PAQR7) and Progesterone Receptor (PGR) in mediating the anti-mitotic action of progesterone (P4) in human granulosa/luteal cells. For these studies granulosa/luteal cells of ten women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were isolated, maintained in culture, and depleted of PGRMC1, PGRMC2, PAQR7 or PGR by siRNA treatment. The rate of entry into the cell cycle was assessed using the FUCCI cell cycle sensor to determine the percentage of cells in ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 22, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Sueldo C, Liu X, Peluso JJ Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Mobilization of Dormant Cnot7 mRNA Promotes Deadenylation of Maternal Transcripts During Mouse Oocyte Maturation.
We report here that Cnot7, Cnot6l, and Pan2, key components of deadenylation machinery are also dormant maternal mRNAs that are recruited during oocyte maturation. Inhibiting the maturation-associated increase in CNOT7 (or CNOT6L) using an siRNA approach inhibits mRNA deadenylation, whereas inhibiting the increase in PAN2 has little effect. Reciprocally, expressing CNOT7 (or CNOT6L) in oocytes prevented from resuming meiosis initiates deadenylation of mRNAs. These effects on deadenylation are also observed when the total amount of poly(A) is quantified. Last, inhibiting the increase in CNOT7 protein results in an ~70% decr...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 1, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Ma J, Fukuda Y, Schultz RM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The Role of Endometrial Selectins and Their Ligands on Bovine Conceptus Attachment to the Uterine Epithelium During Peri-Implantation Period.
The objectives of this study were to determine if selectins and their ligands were expressed in the bovine conceptus and/or uterus during the peri-attachment period, and to study whether selectins were associated with conceptus attachment to the uterine epithelium. Through the RNA-seq analysis of bovine conceptuses on Days 17, 20, and 22 (Day 0 = day of estrus), only the L-selectin (SELL) ligand, podocalyxin (PODXL) and P-selectin (SELP) ligand, SELPLG were found. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the presence of PODXL and SELPLG in these conceptuses and revealed that SELL, mRNA and protein, detected in the uterine epith...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 1, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Bai R, Kusama K, Sakurai T, Bai H, Wang C, Zhang J, Kuse M, Ideta A, Aoyagi Y, Okuda K, Imakawa K Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Novel Targets for the Transcription Factors MEF2 in MA-10 Leydig Cells.
Abstract Testosterone production by Leydig cells is a tightly regulated process requiring synchronized expression of several steroidogenic genes by numerous transcription factors. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) are transcription factors recently identified in somatic cells of the male gonad. In other tissues, MEF2 factors are essential regulators of organogenesis and cell differentiation. So far in the testis, MEF2 factors were found to regulate Leydig cell steroidogenesis by controlling Nr4a1 and Star gene expression. To expand our understanding of the role of MEF2 in Leydig cells, we performed microarray analy...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 27, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Di-Luoffo M, Daems C, Bergeron F, Tremblay JJ Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Rhox8 Ablation in the Sertoli Cells Using a Tissue-Specific RNAi Approach Results in Impaired Male Fertility in Mice.
Abstract The reproductive homeobox X-linked, Rhox, genes encode transcription factors that are selectively expressed in reproductive tissues. While there are 33 Rhox genes in mice, only Rhox5 and Rhox8 are expressed in Sertoli cells, suggesting that they may regulate the expression of somatic-cell gene products crucial for germ-cell development. We previously characterized Rhox5-null mice, which are subfertile, exhibiting excessive germ-cell apoptosis and compromised sperm motility. To assess the role of Rhox8 in Sertoli cells, we used a tissue-specific RNAi approach to knockdown RHOX8 in vivo, in which the Rhox5 ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 13, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Welborn JP, Davis MG, Ebers SD, Stodden GR, Hayashi K, Cheatwood JC, Rao MK, MacLean JA Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Type II (GnRH-II) Agonist Regulates the Motility of Human Decidual Endometrial Stromal Cells: Possible Effect on Embryo Implantation and Pregnancy.
Abstract Invasion of the maternal decidua by extravillous trophoblast is an important process for embryo implantation and placentation in human. Motile behavior of decidual endometrial stromal cells have been considered of critical importance for embryo implantation and programming of human pregnancy. The GnRH effects in endometrium have raised concerns in reproduction. In the present study, we examined the action of GnRH-II agonist-promoted motility of human decidual endometrial stromal cells and the mechanisms of the action, indicating the role of GnRH-II agonist in embryo implantation and early pregnancy. Human...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - March 11, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wu HM, Huang HY, Lee CL, Soong YK, Leung PC, Wang HS Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Tricellulin and Its Role in the Epididymal Epithelium of the Rat.
Abstract Tricellulin is a tight junction protein present at tricellular tight junctions. It has been suggested that basal cells are implicated in the blood-epididymis barrier (BEB). Basal cells express claudins (Cldns), a component of tight junctions: however, there is no information regarding the potential architecture or regulation of basal cell-principal cell interactions. The present objectives were to determine the expression and localization of tricellulin in rat epididymis in relation to occludin, basal cell-principal cell interactions and other junctional proteins. Tricellulin levels were similar in all se...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - January 7, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mandon M, Cyr DG Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-1 (PGRMC1) and PGRMC-2 Interact to Suppress Entry into the Cell Cycle in Spontaneously Immortalized Rat Granulosa Cells.
Abstract Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) and PGRMC2 are expressed in rat granulosa cells and spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells (SIGCs) but their biological roles are not well defined. The present studies demonstrate that depleting either Pgrmc1 or Pgrmc2 in SIGCs increases entry into the cell cycle but does not increase cell proliferation. Rather PGRMC1 and/or PGRMC2-deplete cells accumulate in metaphase and undergo apoptosis. Since both PGRMC1 and PGRMC2 localize to the mitotic spindle, their absence likely accounts for cells arresting in metaphase. Moreover, pull-down assays, co-loca...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - September 24, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Peluso JJ, Griffin D, Liu X, Horne M Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

MicroRNA-378a-5p Targets Cyclin G2 to Inhibit Fusion and Differentiation in BeWo Cells.
Abstract MicroRNAs are expressed abundantly in the placenta throughout pregnancy. We have previously reported that miR-378a-5p promoted trophoblast migration and invasion. To further understand the role of miR-378a-5p during placental development, we investigated whether it may regulate the differentiation of syncytiotrophoblast (STB). Using a choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo, we found that miR-378a-5p was down-regulated during Forskolin-induced STB differentiation. Transfection of a miR-378a-5p mimic into BeWo cells decreased the formation of multinucleated STB, increased E-cadherin, and decreased the expression l...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - August 13, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Nadeem U, Ye G, Salem M, Peng C Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Evidence Supporting a Functional Requirement of SMAD4 for Bovine Preimplantation Embryonic Development: A Potential Link to Embryotropic Actions of Follistatin.
Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily signaling controls various aspects of female fertility. However, the functional roles of TGFbeta-superfamily cognate signal transduction pathway components (e.g. SMAD2/3, SMAD4, SMAD1/5/8) in early embryonic development are not completely understood. We have previously demonstrated pronounced embryotropic actions of the TGFbeta superfamily member-binding protein, follistatin, on oocyte competence in cattle. Given SMAD4 is a common "SMAD" required for both SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathways, the objectives of the present studies were to determine ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 16, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lee KB, Zhang K, Folger JK, Knott JG, Smith GW Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Expression of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-2 Within the Immature Rat Ovary and Its Role in Regulating Mitosis and Apoptosis of Spontaneously Immortalized Granulosa Cells.
Abstract Progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (Pgrmc2) mRNA was detected in the immature rat ovary. By 48 h after eCG, Pgrmc2 mRNA levels decreased by 40% and were maintained at 48 h post hCG. Immunohistochemical studies detected PGRMC2 in oocytes and ovarian surface epithelial, interstitial, thecal, granulosa and luteal cells. PGRMC2 was also present in spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells (SIGCs), localizing to the cytoplasm of interphase cells and apparently to the mitotic spindle of cells in metaphase. Interestingly, PGRMC2 levels appeared to decrease during the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Moreover...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 2, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Griffin D, Liu X, Pru C, Pru JK, Peluso JJ Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research