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Source: Biology of Reproduction

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Total 100 results found since Jan 2013.

The Nuclear Receptor NR2F2 Activates Star Expression and Steroidogenesis in Mouse MA-10 and MLTC-1 Leydig Cells.
In this study, we found that NR2F2 is expressed in the nucleus of some peritubular myoid cells and in interstitial cells, mainly in steroidogenically active adult Leydig cells. In MA-10 and MLTC-1 Leydig cells, siRNA-mediated NR2F2 knockdown reduces basal steroid production without affecting hormone responsiveness. Consistent with this, we found that STAR mRNA and protein levels were reduced in NR2F2-depleted MA-10 and MLTC-1 cells. Transient transfections of Leydig cells revealed that a -986 bp mouse Star promoter construct was activated 3 fold by NR2F2. Using 5' progressive deletion constructs, we mapped the NR2F2-respon...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - June 4, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mendoza-Villarroel RE, Robert NM, Martin LJ, Brousseau C, Tremblay JJ Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Leptin-Promoted Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Invasion Is MMP14 Dependent and Requires the Crosstalk Between Notch1 and PI3K/Akt Signaling.
Abstract The over-expression of leptin is a crucial feature for the maintenance of pregnancy. The effects of leptin on trophoblasts invasion are important to its reproductive function, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. MMP14 is a member of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family that is closely involved in the invasion process. Here, we characterized the importance of MMP14 in the pro-invasion effect of leptin on EVT cells and elucidated its molecular mechanisms. Transwell assay revealed that leptin promoted invasion of the immortalized EVT cell line HTR-8/SVneo in a dose- and time-related fash...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 26, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang H, Cheng H, Shao Q, Dong Z, Xie Q, Zhao L, Wang Q, Kong B, Qu X Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

RhoGDI2 Is Expressed in Human Trophoblasts and Involved in Their Migration by Inhibiting the Activation of RAC1.
In conclusion, RhoGDI2 inhibits trophoblast cell migration, and this function may involve suppression of RAC1 activation. PMID: 24554735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 19, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Liu S, Cui H, Li Q, Zhang L, Na Q, Liu C Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Functional Role of the Bovine Oocyte-Specific Protein JY-1 in Meiotic Maturation, Cumulus Expansion, and Subsequent Embryonic Development.
In conclusion, these results support an important functional role for oocyte-derived JY-1 protein during meiotic maturation in promoting progression to metaphase II, cumulus expansion and subsequent embryonic development. PMID: 24501174 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 5, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lee KB, Wee G, Zhang K, Folger JK, Knott JG, Smith GW Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Modulation of Cell Cycle Progression in the Spermatocyte Cell Line GC-2spd(ts) Cell-Line by Cigarette Smoke Condensate (CSC) via Arylhydrocarbon Receptor-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Ahr-Nrf2 Pathway.
In this study, we show that exposure of the spermatocyte cell line [GC-2spd(ts)] to CSC induces an increase in Cyp1a1, demonstrating AHR activation, and simultaneous expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), where it is believed to modulate Ahr expression by feedback mechanism. Pharmacological inhibition by AHR-antagonist (CH223191), and Ahr- and Nrf2-siRNA interference followed by q-RTPCR implicate the Ahr-Nrf2 pathway in the modulation of DNA damage and growth suppression genes such as Gadd45a and P21 and oxidative stress-related genes Cyp1a1, Nrf2, and Ahrr. Flow cytomet...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - November 20, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Esakky P, Hansen DA, Drury AM, Moley KH Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway Regulates 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Expression in Human Trophoblast Cells Through a Transcriptional Mechanism.
Abstract The placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2; encoded by the HSD11B2 gene) plays a key role in fetal development, but its regulation is incompletely understood. We previously demonstrated that p38 MAPK was a positive regulator of placental 11β-HSD2. However, it remains unknown if the other two MAPKs, ERK1/2 and JNK, were also involved. In the present study, we identified ERK1/2 as an important regulator of placental 11β-HSD2. We showed that inhibition of ERK1/2 with the pharmacological inhibitor U0126 led to a 3-fold increase in 11β-HSD2 activity, protein, and mRNA in primary human...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - August 21, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Guan H, Sun K, Yang K Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The Canonical WNT2 Pathway and FSH Interact to Regulate Gap Junction Assembly in Mouse Granulosa Cells.
Abstract WNTs are extracellular signaling molecules that exert their actions through receptors of the frizzled (FZD) family. Previous work indicated that WNT2 regulates cell proliferation in mouse granulosa cells acting through CTNNB1 (beta-catenin), a key component in canonical WNT signaling. In other cells, WNT signaling has been shown to regulate expression of connexin43 (CX43), a gap junction protein, as well as gap junction assembly. Since previous work had demonstrated that CX43 is also essential in ovarian follicle development, the objective of this study was to determine if WNT2 regulates CX43 expression a...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 10, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang HX, Gillio-Meina C, Chen S, Gong XQ, Li TY, Bai D, Kidder GM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Regulation of the Activin-Inhibin-Follistatin System by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Zebrafish Ovary.
Abstract In the zebrafish, the dynamic expression of the activin-inhibin-follistatin system during folliculogenesis and its exclusive localization (except follistatin) in the follicle cells suggest that the system plays important roles in follicle development and its expression is subject to tight controls, probably by external factors including those derived from the oocyte. We have previously identified zebrafish bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as oocyte factors that may act on the follicle cells; however, the targets of BMPs in the follicle cells remain unknown. Considering their spatiotemporal expression in...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 10, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Li CW, Ge W Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

A Novel Role for FOXO3 in Human Labor: Increased Expression in Laboring Myometrium, and Regulation of Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Labor Mediators in Pregnant Human Myometrial Cells.
Abstract Preterm birth is the leading factor causing neonatal mortality and morbidity. Inflammation plays a central role in stimulating uterine contractility, which is responsible for approximately one-third of all preterm births. Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) regulates inflammation in non-gestational tissues such as adipocytes and hepatocytes. Thus, in this study, we sought to determine the effect of (i) human term labor on myometrial FOXO3 expression, and (ii) FOXO3 inhibition and FOXO3 overexpression on pro-inflammatory and pro-labor mediators in human myometria...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 1, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lim R, Barker G, Lappas M Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Regulation of Cyclin D2 Expression and Degradation by Follicle Stimulating Hormone During Rat Granulosa Cell Proliferation In Vitro.
Abstract Cyclin D2 (CCND2, encoded by Ccnd2) plays an important role in the induction of early-to-mid G1 phase transition and is required for granulose cell proliferation during ovarian folliculogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the regulation of cyclin D2 expression and degradation during rat granulosa cell proliferation in vitro. FSH acutely increased granulosa cell Ccnd2 mRNA abundance and CCND2 protein content as well as proliferation. FSH-induced granulosa cell CCND2 protein content and proliferation were mimicked by forskolin and attenuated by in...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - January 24, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Han Y, Xia G, Tsang BK Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research