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Leishmania donovani activates uncoupling protein 2 transcription to suppress mitochondrial oxidative burst through differential modulation of SREBP2, Sp1 and USF1 transcription factors.
Abstract In order to reside and multiply successfully within the host macrophages, Leishmania parasites impair the generation of cellular as well as mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a major host defense mechanism against any invading pathogen. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is strongly induced in Leishmania infection, both at mRNA and protein levels, to suppress the mitochondrial ROS generation. In the present study we have demonstrated that L. donovani infection is associated with strong up-regulation of UCP2 at mRNA level which is the determining factor for its protein level upreg...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - January 10, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ball WB, Mukherjee M, Srivastav S, Das PK Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Spatiotemporal expression of KHSRP modulates Schwann cells and neuronal differentiation after sciatic nerve injury.
In conclusion, we speculated that KHSRP was involved in SCs and neuronal differentiation by inducing β-catenin mRNA decay. PMID: 24368152 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - December 21, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhu X, Yao L, Yang X, Sun H, Guo A, Li A, Yang H Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Downregulation of Hepatic Stimulator Substance during the Early Phase of Liver Regeneration Inhibits E-cadherin Expression in Mice.
Abstract Hepatic stimulatory substance (HSS), which encodes a sulfhydryl oxidase enzyme, promotes liver regeneration (LR) and maintains the viability of hepatocytes. Surprisingly, we found that the levels of the HSS mRNA and expressed protein were both strongly repressed at 12h after a 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice. Understanding the mechanism and effect of this extraordinary suppression can provide a novel path for exploring the molecular function of HSS during LR. We observed that the EGF levels in the serum were negatively correlated with HSS expression in regenerating livers. Treating primary mouse hepa...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - December 2, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhang H, Dong LY, Sun G, An W Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Inhibition of KCa3.1 suppresses TGF-β1 induced MCP-1 expression in human proximal tubular cells through Smad3, p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
In this study, human proximal tubular cells (HK2 cells) were incubated with TGF-β1 (2ng/ml) for 48h in the presence or absence of KCa3.1 siRNA or the KCa3.1 inhibitor TRAM34. HK2 cells overexpressing KCa3.1 were studied in parallel. The mRNA and protein expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Downstream TGF-β1 signaling molecules Smad3, p38 and ERK1/2 were measured by Western blot analysis. Using whole-cell patch clamp techniques we found that TGFβ-1 induced a large KCa3.1 K(+)-current that was inhibited by TRAM34. TGF-β1 also increased MCP-1 mRNA and protein express...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - November 28, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Huang C, Day ML, Poronnik P, Pollock CA, Chen XM Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is associated with prostate cancer metastasis and chemo/radioresistance via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Abstract Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second leading malignancy in men. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), also known as CD326, in CaP progression and therapeutic resistance is still uncertain. Here, we aimed to investigate the roles of EpCAM in CaP metastasis and chemo/radioresistance. Expression of EpCAM in CaP cell lines and human CaP tissues was assessed using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. EpCAM was knocked down (KD) in PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP-C4-2B cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA), and KD results were confirmed by confocal microscope, Western blotting and quanti...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - September 25, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ni J, Cozzi P, Hao J, Beretov J, Chang L, Duan W, Shigdar S, Delprado W, Graham P, Bucci J, Kearsley J, Li Y Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

NBPF is a potential DNA-binding transcription factor that is directly regulated by NF-κB.
In this study, the genes of NBPF family were found to be densely covered by many high-confidence ChIP-Seq peaks of NF-κB. The expressions of NBPF genes were thus deduced to be regulated by this transcription factor. The activities of NF-κB in HeLa, HepG2 and ECa109 cells were then manipulated with NF-κB activator (TNFα) and inhibitors (BAY11-7082 or p65 siRNA), and the expressions of NBPF genes in these cells were checked. As result, it was found that the expressions of NBPF genes were regulated by NF-κB in HeLa and HepG2 cells. Therefore, the genes of NBPF family were identified as new bona fide direct target genes o...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 9, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhou F, Xing Y, Xu X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Ma Z, Wang J Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

The self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells is regulated by cell-substratum adhesion and cell spreading.
Abstract Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) undergo self-renewal in the presence of the cytokine, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Following LIF withdrawal, mESCs differentiate, and this is accompanied by an increase in cell-substratum adhesion and cell spreading. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cell spreading and mESC differentiation. Using E14 and R1 mESC lines, we have restricted cell spreading in the absence of LIF by either culturing mESCs on chemically defined, weakly adhesive biomaterial substrates, or by manipulating the cytoskeleton. We demonstrate that by restricti...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - July 17, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Murray P, Prewitz M, Hopp I, Wells N, Zhang H, Cooper A, Parry KL, Short R, Antoine DJ, Edgar D Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

15-Lipoxygenase-1/15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid promotes hepatocellular cancer cells growth through protein kinase B and heat shock protein 90 complex activation.
Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is a typical hypervascular tumor resulted from excessive growth of tumor cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that the lipoxygenase is considered as a potential therapeutic target and have important influence on human cancers. However, whether the 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1)/15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) pathway participates in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma has not been reported until now. To test the hypothesis that the 15-LO-1/15-HETE signaling regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cells growth and metastasis via the phosphoinositide-3...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - May 23, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ma J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Liu M, Wei L, Shen T, Ma C, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhu D Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Transcription factor AP-2α regulates acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation by influencing Hoxa gene expression.
Abstract Transcription factor AP-2α mediates transcription of a number of genes implicated in mammalian development, cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. In the current study, we identified Hoxa7, Hoxa9 and Hox cofactor Meis1 as AP-2α target genes, which are involved in myeloid leukemogenesis. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that overexpression of AP-2α activated transcription activities of Hoxa7, Hoxa9 and Meis1, whereas siRNA of AP-2α inhibited their transcription activities. We found that AP-2 binding sites in regulatory regions of three genes activated their transcription by mutant analysis and AP-2Î...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - May 6, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ding X, Yang Z, Zhou F, Wang F, Li X, Chen C, Li X, Hu X, Xiang S, Zhang J Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Two p53-related metabolic regulators, TIGAR and SCO2, contribute to oroxylin A-mediated glucose metabolism in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
This study revealed a new aspect of glucose metabolism regulation of oroxylin A, which may contribute to its new anticancer mechanism. PMID: 23612020 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - April 21, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Dai Q, Yin Y, Liu W, Wei L, Zhou Y, Li Z, You Q, Lu N, Guo Q Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Variants of the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) in mouse hippocampal neurons are regulated by extracellular pH changes: Evidence for a Rab8a-dependent mechanism.
Abstract Changes in extracellular pH are common events in both pathological conditions and during normal brain function. In organs other than the brain, cells may respond to pH changes by trafficking of acid-base transporters. However, regulation of neuronal acid-base transporters during pH shifts is not understood. The aim of this study was to investigate regulatory mechanisms of the variants of the electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter 1, NBCe1-A and NBCe1-B/C, in neurons following changes of extracellular pH. Therefore, primary mouse hippocampal neurons were exposed to extracellular acidosis or alkalosi...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - April 11, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Oehlke O, Speer JM, Roussa E Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Retinoic acid receptor beta mediates all-trans retinoic acid facilitation of mesenchymal stem cells neuronal differentiation.
Abstract All-trans retinoic acid plays an important role in nervous system development. However, the effects of all-trans retinoic acid on the neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the mechanisms through which this differentiation takes place are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the biological effects of all-trans retinoic acid on the neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the signaling pathways that mediated these effects. We found that the neuronal differentiation efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells following all-trans retinoic acid pre-induction was greater and th...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - January 11, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gong M, Bi Y, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Chen L, Hou N, Chen J, Li T Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Prostaglandin E2 induces stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression in prostate stromal cells by activating protein kinase A and transcription factor Sp1.
In conclusion, we provide evidence for a paracrine prostate stromal-epithelial interaction induced by upregulation of expression of SDF-1 by PGE2. Our research provides new insights into the mechanism promoting metastasis of prostate carcinoma via stromal-epithelial interaction. PMID: 23246486 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - December 11, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Peng Y, Shi J, Du X, Wang L, Klocker H, Mo L, Mo Z, Zhang J Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Overexpression of human selenoprotein H in neuronal cells enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function through activation of protein kinase A, protein kinase B, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein pathway.
The objective of this study is to identify the cell signaling pathways by which selenoprotein H initiates mitochondrial biogenesis. We first confirmed our previous observation that selenoprotein H transfected HT22 cells increased the protein levels of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial biogenesis factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A. We then observed that total and phosphorylation of protein kinase A, Akt/protein kinase B and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) were significantly increased ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - December 7, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mehta SL, Mendelev N, Kumari S, Andy Li P Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

NF-κB p65 and c-Rel subunits promote phagocytosis and cytokine secretion by splenic macrophages in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism.
In this study, we explored the role of NF-κB in the dysfunction of splenic macrophages in hypersplenism due to liver cirrhosis. By using confocal microscopic analysis, Western Blot, TransAM NF-κB ELISA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we observed that NF-κB p65, p52, and c-Rel were activated in macrophages in patients with hypersplenism (hypersplenic macrophages). Transfection of hypersplenic macrophages with a κB/luciferase reporter plasmid showed that NF-κB complexes were functional. Using co-immunoprecipitation studies, we demonstrated that p65/c-Rel dimers were activated in hypersplenic macrophages. NF-Î...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - November 26, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ren S, Zhang S, Li M, Huang C, Liang R, Jiang A, Guo Y, Pu Y, Huang N, Yang J, Li Z Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

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