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Dual oxidase 2 generated reactive oxygen species selectively mediate the induction of mucins by Epidermal Growth Factor in enterocytes.
Abstract Dual oxidase 2 enzyme is a member of the reactive oxygen species-generating cell membrane NADPH oxidases involved in mucosal innate immunity. It is not known if the biological activity of dual oxidase 2 is mediated by direct bacterial killing by reactive oxygen species produced by the enzyme or by the same reactive oxygen species acting as second messengers that stimulate novel gene expression. To uncover the role of reactive oxygen species and dual oxidases as signaling molecules, we have dissected the pathway triggered by epidermal growth factor to induce mucins, the principal protective components of g...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - January 3, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Damiano S, Morano A, Ucci V, Accetta R, Mondola P, Paternò R, Avvedimento VE, Santillo M Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

The Role of the Pro-Survival Molecule Bfl-1 in Melanoma.
Abstract Bfl-1 is a pro-survival Bcl-2 family member overexpressed in a subset of chemoresistant tumours, including melanoma. Here, we characterised the expression and regulation of Bfl-1 in normal and malignant melanocytes and determined its role in protecting these cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Bfl-1 was mitochondrially resident in both resting and apoptotic cells and experienced regulation by the proteasome and NFκB pathways. siRNA-mediated knockdown enhanced sensitivity towards various relevant drug treatments, with forced overexpression of Bfl-1 protective. These findings identify Bfl-1 as a con...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - December 5, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ck H, Mj C, Cl H, C C, S J, Ms C Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Involvement of BK channel in differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by mechanical stretch.
Abstract The differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are exposed to mechanical stretch in vivo, plays an important role in vascular remodeling during hypertension. Here, we demonstrated the mechanobiological roles of large conductance calcium and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels in this process. In comparison with 5% stretch (physiological), 15% stretch (pathological) induced the de-differentiation of VSMCs, resulting in significantly decreased expressions of VSMC markers, i.e., α-actin, calponin and SM22. The activity of BK channels, assessed by patch clamp recording, was signific...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - December 4, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wan XJ, Zhao HC, Zhang P, Huo B, Shen BR, Yan ZQ, Qi YX, Jiang ZL Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Dynamin 2 interacts with connexin 26 to regulate its degradation and function in gap junction formation.
This study identifies dynamin 2 (Dyn2) as a Cx26 interactor in yeast and mammalian cells. Deletion studies revealed that Cx26-Dyn2 interaction involves the C-terminus of Cx26 and the GTPase effector domain of Dyn2, which is of particular importance for the regulation of the endocytic pathway. Dyn2 inhibition using siRNA or dynasore resulted in reduced Cx26 degradation at the plasma membrane and this was associated with change in gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Furthermore, we demonstrate that Dyn2 regulates Cx26 endocytosis and ubiquitination. These results establish Dyn2 as a Cx26 partner in the regulat...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - September 27, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xiao D, Chen S, Shao Q, Chen J, Bijian K, Laird DW, Alaoui-Jamali MA Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Death Receptor 3 Mediates TNFSF15- and TNFα-Induced Endothelial Cell Apoptosis.
Abstract Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) suppresses angiogenesis by specifically inducing apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells. Death receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF25), has been identified as a receptor for TNFSF15 to activate T cells. It is unclear, however, whether DR3 mediates TNFSF15 activity on endothelial cells. Here we show that siRNA-mediated knockdown of DR3 in an in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis assay, or in adult bovine aortic endothelial (ABAE) cell cultures, leads to resistance of endothelial cells to TNFSF15-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, DR3...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 23, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xu LX, Grimaldo S, Qi JW, Yang GL, Qin TT, Xiao HY, Xiang R, Xiao Z, Li LY, Zhang ZS Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase regulates inflammatory gene expression by changing DNA methylation level in 3T3 adipocytes.
Abstract Adipocytes are one of the primary sources of inflammatory cytokines that drive the low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase, a key adipogenic enzyme in rodents and humans, plays significant role in the regulation of adipocyte inflammation via a mechanism that involves the regulation of inflammatory gene expression. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 -related regulation of gene expression might be driven by changes in DNA methylation. We showed that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 overexpression causes the ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - August 14, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Malodobra-Mazur M, Dziewulska A, Kozinski K, Dobrzyn P, Kolczynska K, Janikiewicz J, Dobrzyn A Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Participation of the E3-ligase TRIM13 in NF-κB p65 activation and NFAT-dependent activation of c-Rel upon T-cell receptor engagement.
Abstract The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) family members p65 and c-Rel chiefly orchestrate lymphocytes activation following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement. In contrast to p65, which is rapidly mobilized, c-Rel activation occurs subsequently as it involves a nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)-dependent upregulation step. However, how TCR ligation drives p65 and c-Rel activation is not fully understood. Because several ubiquitylated components of NF-κB signaling cascade accumulate in close proximity to membranes, we screened a siRNA library against E3-ligases that contain transmembrane domains on TCR-media...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - July 31, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hatchi EM, Poalas K, Cordeiro N, N'Debi M, Gavard J, Bidère N Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Dual blockade of the A1 and A2A adenosine receptor prevents amyloid beta toxicity in neuroblastoma cells exposed to aluminum chloride.
Abstract In a previous work we have shown that exposure to aluminum (Al) chloride (AlCl3) enhanced the neurotoxicity of the amyloid beta25-35 fragment (Abeta25-35) in neuroblastoma cells and affected the expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related genes. Caffein, a compound endowed with beneficial effects against AD, exerts neuroprotection primarily through its antagonist activity on A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR), although it also inhibits A1Rs with similar potency. Still, studies on the specific involvement of these receptors in neuroprotection in a model of combined neurotoxicity (Abeta25-35+AlCl3) are missi...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - July 21, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Giunta S, Andriolo V, Castorina A Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Endothelin-1 driven proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells is c-fos dependent.
Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by enhanced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation leading to vascular remodeling. Although, multiple factors have been associated with pathogenesis of PH the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we hypothesize that already very short exposure to hypoxia may activate molecular cascades leading to vascular remodeling. Microarray studies from lung homogenates of mice exposed to only three hours of hypoxia revealed endothelin-1 (ET-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as the most upregulated genes, and the mitogen-activ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - July 9, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Biasin V, Chwalek K, Wilhelm J, Best J, Marsh LM, Ghanim A, Klepetko W, Fink L, Schermuly RT, Weissmann N, Olschewski A, Kwapiszewska G Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

B4GALNT2 gene expression controls the biosynthesis of Sd(a) and sialyl Lewis X antigens in healthy and cancer human gastrointestinal tract.
Abstract The histo blood group carbohydrate Sd(a) antigen and its cognate biosynthetic enzyme B4GALNT2 show the highest level of expression in normal colon. Their dramatic down regulation previously observed in colon cancer tissues could play a role in the concomitant elevation of the selectin ligand sLe(x), involved in metastasis. However, down regulation of sLe(x) expression by B4GALNT2 has been so far demonstrated in vitro, but not in tissues. The human B4GALNT2 gene specifies at least two transcripts, diverging in the first exon, never studied in normal and cancer tissues. The long form contains a 253 nt exon ...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - June 19, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Groux-Degroote S, Wavelet C, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Portier L, Mortuaire M, Mihalache A, Trinchera M, Delannoy P, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Dall'Olio F, Harduin-Lepers A Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

LRP1-Dependent Pepsin Clearance Induced by 2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde Attenuates Breast Cancer Cell Invasion.
This study examined whether 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, acting as a Michael acceptor, interferes with the ligand binding of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 to mediate breast cancer cell invasion. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, one of the direct molecular targets of 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, is a multifunctional endocytic receptor. Changes in the thiol oxidation status of cell surface receptor proteins may function as a molecular switch, influencing ligand(s) binding. The oxidation status of extracellular cysteine thiol groups in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was examined using a fluoresce...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - May 2, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kang HS, Kim JK, Lee HJ, Kwon BM, Lee DK, Hong SH Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Involvement of the AMPK-PTEN pathway in insulin resistance induced by high glucose in cultured rat podocytes.
Abstract As part of the filtration barrier, podocytes play an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Disturbances in insulin signaling accompanied by insulin resistance can lead to various intracellular events. We hypothesized that high glucose concentrations would lead to disturbances in interactions between AMPK and PTEN proteins in podocytes. Experiments were performed in primary rat podocytes cultured with normal (5.6mM) or high (30mM) glucose concentrations for 5 d. Immunodetection methods were used to detect AMPK, PTEN, insulin receptor, and Akt proteins, and their phosphorylated forms. I...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - April 15, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Rogacka D, Piwkowska A, Audzeyenka I, Angielski S, Jankowski M Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Acute Intermittent Porphyria Causes Hepatic Mitochondrial Energetic Failure In A Mouse Model.
Abstract Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), an inherited hepatic disorder, is due to a defect of hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), an enzyme involved in heme biosynthesis. AIP is characterized by recurrent, life-threatening attacks at least partly due to the increased hepatic production of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA). Both the mitochondrial enzyme, ALA synthase (ALAS) 1, involved in the first step of heme biosynthesis, which is closely linked to mitochondrial bioenergetic pathways, and the promise of an ALAS1 siRNA hepatic therapy in humans, led us to investigate hepatic energetic metabolism in Hmbs KO mice t...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - April 10, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Homedan C, Laafi J, Schmitt C, Gueguen N, Lefebvre T, Karim Z, Desquiret-Dumas V, Wetterwald C, Deybach JC, Gouya L, Puy H, Reynier P, Malthièry Y Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Cx26 regulates proliferation of repairing basal airway epithelial cells.
We report that induction of Cx26 in repairing HAECs is associated with cell proliferation. We also show that Cx26 is expressed in a population of CK14-positive basal-like cells. Cx26 silencing in immortalized cell lines using siRNA and in primary HAECs using lentiviral-transduced shRNA enhanced Ki67-labeling index and Ki67 mRNA, indicating that Cx26 acts a negative regulator of HAEC proliferation. Cx26 silencing also markedly decreased the transcription of KLF4 in immortalized HAECs. We further show that CF HAECs exhibited deregulated expression of KLF4, Ki67 and Cx26 as well enhanced rate of wound closure in the early res...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - February 22, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Crespin S, Bacchetta M, Saab JB, Tantilipikorn P, Bellec J, Dudez T, Nguyen T, Kwak BR, Lacroix JS, Huang S, Wiszniewski L, Chanson M Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

The Role of SIRT6 in the Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Response to Cyclic Strain.
Abstract Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may switch their phenotype between a quiescent contractile phenotype and a synthetic phenotype in response to cyclic strain, and this switch may contribute to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis. SIRT 6 is a member of the sirtuin family, and plays an important role in different cell processes, including differentiation. We hypothesized that cyclic strain modulates the differentiation of VSMCs via a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad-SIRT6 pathway. VSMCs were subjected to cyclic strain using a Flexercell strain unit. It was demonstrated that the str...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - February 1, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yao QP, Zhang P, Qi YX, Chen SG, Shen BR, Han Y, Yan ZQ, Jiang ZL Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

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