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Total 63 results found since Jan 2013.

Cell-free reconstitution reveals the molecular mechanisms for the initiation of secondary siRNA biogenesis in plants Plant Biology
Secondary small interfering RNA (siRNA) production, triggered by primary small RNA targeting, is critical for proper development and antiviral defense in many organisms. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) is a key factor in this pathway. However, how RDR specifically converts the targets of primary small RNAs into double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - July 30, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Yuriki Sakurai, Kyungmin Baeg, Andy Y. W. Lam, Keisuke Shoji, Yukihide Tomari, Hiro-oki Iwakawa Tags: Plant Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

The effect of RNA polymerase V on 24-nt siRNA accumulation depends on DNA methylation contexts and histone modifications in rice Plant Biology
RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) functions in de novo methylation in CG, CHG, and CHH contexts. Here, we performed map-based cloning of OsNRPE1, which encodes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase V (Pol V), a key regulator of gene silencing and reproductive development in rice. We found that rice Pol V...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - July 21, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Kezhi Zheng, Lili Wang, Longjun Zeng, Dachao Xu, Zhongxin Guo, Xiquan Gao, Dong-Lei Yang Tags: Plant Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

DNA-inspired nanomaterials for enhanced endosomal escape Engineering
In this study, we developed a family of delivery vehicles called Janus base...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 3, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Jinhyung Lee, Ian Sands, Wuxia Zhang, Libo Zhou, Yupeng Chen Tags: Engineering, Brief Reports Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Broad noncoding transcription suggests genome surveillance by RNA polymerase V Plant Biology
Eukaryotic genomes are pervasively transcribed, yet most transcribed sequences lack conservation or known biological functions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, RNA polymerase V (Pol V) produces noncoding transcripts, which base pair with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and allow specific establishment of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) on transposable elements. Here, we show that...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 1, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Masayuki Tsuzuki, Shriya Sethuraman, Adriana N. Coke, M. Hafiz Rothi, Alan P. Boyle, Andrzej T. Wierzbicki Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway contributes to the protective effects of platycodin D against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts.
Abstract Myoblast damage by oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the main causes of skeletal muscle loss due to induction of muscle damage. Platycodin D, a triterpenoid saponin found in the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC., has been known to possess strong antioxidant activity. However, whether platycodin D can defend myoblasts against oxidative injury remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of platycodin D against oxidative stress in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells. The results demonstrated that platycodin D inhibited hydrogen ...
Source: General Physiology and Biophysics - November 1, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Choi YH Tags: Gen Physiol Biophys Source Type: research

Viral infection impacts transposable element transcript amounts in Drosophila Genetics
Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites that are found in all genomes, some of which display sequence similarity to certain viruses. In insects, TEs are controlled by the Piwi-interacting small interfering RNA (piRNA) pathway in gonads, while the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is dedicated to TE somatic control and...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - June 1, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Marlene Roy, Barbara Viginier, Edouard Saint–Michel, Frederick Arnaud, Maxime Ratinier, Marie Fablet Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

MicroRNA-19a mediates neuroprotection through the PTEN/AKT pathway in SK-N-SH cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-19a and its possible target genes in SK-N-SH cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) injury. SK-N-SH cells are a suitable model for host transfection. SK-N-SH cells were transfected with miR-19a mimic or inhibitor and PTEN-small interfering (si) RNA in order to alter the expression of miR-19a, PTEN and AKT. The expression changes in acute cerebral ischemic injury (ACII) were verified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Expression changes a...
Source: General Physiology and Biophysics - April 30, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Jin X, Wang H, Yin S, Zhang Y Tags: Gen Physiol Biophys Source Type: research

The circRNA-MYLK plays oncogenic roles in the Hep-2 cell line by sponging microRNA-145-5p.
Abstract For the exploration of circular RNA light chain kinase (circRNA-MYLK), siRNA#1 and siRNA#2 targeting circRNA-MYLK as well as microRNA(miR)-145-5p inhibitor were transfected. Viability was valued with the CCK-8. The protein expression was examined relying on Western blot. The expression of circRNA-MYLK or miR-145-5p was tested depending on qRT-PCR. The apoptotic/migration/invasion rate was separately measured by the Annexin v-FITC/PI with flow cytometer or chambers assays. CircRNA-MYLK was overexpressed in tumor tissue. Silencing circRNA-MYLK induced the inhibitions of viability, invasion and migration, as...
Source: General Physiology and Biophysics - April 30, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Li X, Yuan T, Yang S, Sun X Tags: Gen Physiol Biophys Source Type: research

The effector mechanism of siRNA spherical nucleic acids Biochemistry
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanostructures formed by chemically conjugating short linear strands of oligonucleotides to a nanoparticle template. When made with modified small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes, SNAs act as single-entity transfection and gene silencing agents and have been used as lead therapeutic constructs in several disease models. However,...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 20, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Gokay Yamankurt, Robert J. Stawicki, Diana M. Posadas, Joseph Q. Nguyen, Richard W. Carthew, Chad A. Mirkin Tags: Physical Sciences Source Type: research

88PTranscription factors of snail family in the regulation of resistance of breast cancer cells to hypoxic conditions
ConclusionsModulation of Snail-associated signaling pathways is a perspective target for increase of cancer cell tolerance to chronic hypoxia, and inhibition of metastatic process in breast cancer cells.Legal entity responsible for the studyThe authors.FundingGrant no. 14.W03.31.0020 between the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation and Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences.DisclosureAll authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Source: Annals of Oncology - October 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway contributes to the protective effects of coptisine against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HaCaT keratinocytes.
In this study, the protective effect of coptisine on the oxidative damage-mediated apoptosis was evaluated in cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes. The results demonstrate that preincubation of cells with coptisine prior to H2O2 stimulation resulted in significant inhibition of cytotoxicity and DNA damage associated with the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Coptisine also restored H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decrease of ATP production, and prevented apoptosis by inhibiting Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 activity, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase degradation. Interestingly, the expressions o...
Source: General Physiology and Biophysics - June 19, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Choi YH Tags: Gen Physiol Biophys Source Type: research

Naringenin Produces Neuroprotection Against LPS-Induced Dopamine Neurotoxicity via the Inhibition of Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that NAR targeted microglial NLRP3 inflammasome to protect DA neurons against LPS-induced neurotoxicity. These findings suggest NAR might hold a promising therapeutic potential for PD. Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) degenerative disease. It is characterized by slow and progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra (SN) with the accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and neuritis (1). Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, amounts of studies have suggested that ne...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Tangshen Formula Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Inducing Autophagy Through the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that autophagy was involved in relieving the effects of TSF against NAFLD, which were mediated by the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway (Figure 7D). These findings may improve our current understanding of the role of TSF in treating hepatic steatosis and provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of TSF in NAFLD and its related metabolic syndrome. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Co...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The NCATS BioPlanet – An Integrated Platform for Exploring the Universe of Cellular Signaling Pathways for Toxicology, Systems Biology, and Chemical Genomics
We report here the construction, features, and utilization of a comprehensive integrated and non-redundant pathway resource, the NCATS BioPlanet (Figure 1). The resource hosts information only from public sources that have been herein further manually curated to ensure the quality of the data. Along with our pathway warehouse, the NCATS BioPlanet software platform allows easy browsing and visualization of the universe of pathways, and exploration of associations among them. Additionally, we curated the set of annotated pathways in terms of the biological space covered and the current availability of assays, either commerci...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 25, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Current Development of siRNA Bioconjugates: From Research to the Clinic
In this study, it was shown that the main factor determining the nature of the biodistribution of conjugates is their lipophilicity. Conjugates of siRNA with lower lipophilicity; i.e., derivatives of retinoic acid, lithocholic acid, and docosahexanoic acid with greater efficiency than cholesterol conjugates accumulated in the kidneys, bladder, and lungs of the mouse after subcutaneous injection (Biscans et al., 2018). This fact is consistent with previous data that showed that more lipophilic conjugates bind more efficiently to serum components, and thus are not excreted by the kidneys (Wolfrum et al., 2007; Osborn et al.,...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 25, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research