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Persistent Escherichia coli infection in renal tubular cells enhances calcium oxalate crystal-cell adhesion by inducing ezrin translocation to apical membranes via Rho/ROCK pathway
In this study, Escherichia coli, the most common bacterium found in recurrent UTI was used to establish the in vitro model for persistent infection of renal epithelial cells. The promoting effects of persistent E. coli infection on kidney stone formation were validated by COM crystal-cell adhesion assay, followed by immunofluorescence study for changes in surface expression of the known COM crystal receptors. Among the five receptors examined, only ezrin had significantly increased level on the surface of persistently infected cells without change in its total level. Such translocation of ezrin to apical membranes was conf...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - June 24, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Rattiyaporn Kanlaya Visith Thongboonkerd Source Type: research

NOD2 and TLR2 Signal via TBK1 and PI31 to Direct Cross-Presentation and CD8 T Cell Responses
The objective of this study was to explore the role of NOD2 and TLR2 in cross-presentation in human dendritic cells undertaking an unbiased screen. We have used a quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by a computational analysis to identify the proteins as differentially abundant in response to NOD2 and TLR2 sensing. Validation of the phosphoproteomic analysis was performed by the detection of proteins in phosphoenriched lysates and detected by western blot. Techniques for the modulation of gene expression (shRNA and siRNA) were used to confirm the resu...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

SslE (YghJ), a Cell-Associated and Secreted Lipoprotein of Neonatal Septicemic Escherichia coli, Induces Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Macrophage Activation and Proinflammation through NF-{kappa}B and MAP Kinase Signaling Host Response and Inflammation
In this study, we showed that SslE specifically binds to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/TLR1 heterodimers and recruits downstream adaptors MyD88, TIRAP, and TRAF6. In addition, SslE stimulates nuclear translocation of NF-B and activates different mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades specific to the secretion of each cytokine in murine macrophages, which becomes impaired in TLR2 small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected cells and in cells blocked with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against TLR2, suggesting the involvement of TLR2 in NF-B and MAP kinase activation and subsequent cytokine secretion. Furthermore...
Source: Infection and Immunity - August 22, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tapader, R., Bose, D., Dutta, P., Das, S., Pal, A. Tags: Host Response and Inflammation Source Type: research

Depletion of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 is associated with increased lysosomal degradation of aquaporin-2
The carboxyl terminus of aquaporin-2 (AQP2c) undergoes posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, in the process of regulating aquaporin-2 (AQP2) translocation and protein abundance. We aimed to identify novel proteins interacting with AQP2c. Recombinant AQP2c protein was made in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells by exploiting the pET32 TrxA fusion system. Lysates of rat kidney inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) tubule suspensions interacted with rat AQP2c bound to Ni2+-resin were subjected to LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis. Potential interacting proteins were identified, including vacu...
Source: AJP: Renal Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Lee, M. S., Choi, H.-J., Park, E.-J., Park, H.-J., Kwon, T.-H. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages through the AMP-activated protein kinase/p38 mitogen activated protein kinase pathway.
Abstract A previous study showed that stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine (sLPC) suppressed extracellular high mobility group box 1 translocation in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. In the present study, we investigated whether sLPC-induced AMPK activation could enhance macrophages phagocytosis of bacteria. We found that sLPC increased phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a downstream target of AMPK, in a time- and dose-dependent manner in macrophages. Furthermore, sLPC increased the uptake of FITC-conjugated Escherichia coli by macr...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - August 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Quan H, Hur YH, Xin C, Kim JM, Choi JI, Kim MY, Bae HB Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation by Escherichia coli RNA induces transforming growth factor beta 1 secretion in hepatic stellate cells.
Authors: Wang H, Liu S, Wang Y, Chang B, Wang B Abstract Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in alcoholic liver disease. Chronic alcohol consumption enhances gut permeability and causes microbial translocation. The present study explored the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by Escherichia coli RNA in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the potential role of NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatic fibrosis. E. coli RNA transfection induced HSC-T6 cells to secrete and express mature interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which was abolished by NLRP3 siRNA pretreatment. In addition, E. coli RNA transfe...
Source: Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences - January 20, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Bosn J Basic Med Sci Source Type: research

LSC Abstract - Toll-like receptor 10: Expression and functional role in LPS mediated inflammation
We examined TLR10 expression in normal and inflamed lungs from chickens and humans. Immunohistochemistry showed TLR10 in vascular endothelium in human and chicken lungs. Immunohistochemistry and Western blots showed an increase in TLR10 protein in lungs of chicken infected with E. coli or Fowl Adenovirus. Human neutrophils challenged with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed decreased total TLR10 protein and surface expression in 90 minutes. Confocal microscopy showed cytosolic and nuclear distribution of TLR10 in normal neutrophils. In the LPS-activated neutrophils, TLR10 colocalized with flotallin-1, a lipid raft mark...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Balachandran, Y., Singh, B. Tags: 3.1 Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics Source Type: research