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Roles of mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species in mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial insulin resistance.
CONCLUSIONS: A mutual enhancement between DRP1 and ROS could promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of insulin signal transduction. However, other mechanisms, including lipid metabolite-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, may be involved in palmitate-induced insulin resistance. PMID: 24631294 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - March 11, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Watanabe T, Saotome M, Nobuhara M, Sakamoto A, Urushida T, Katoh H, Satoh H, Funaki M, Hayashi H Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

GRK5 Regulation of NF-{kappa}B Signaling Signal Transduction
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 GRK5 plays a key role in regulating cardiac signaling and its expression is increased in heart failure. GRK5 activity in the nucleus of myocytes has been shown to be detrimental in the setting of pressure-overload hypertrophy. The ubiquitous nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) is involved in the regulation of numerous genes in various tissues, and activation of NF-κB has been shown to be associated with heart disease. Herein, we investigated whether GRK5 can specifically regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway in myocytes. We found that overexpression of GRK5 increased the levels of...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - December 13, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Islam, K. N., Bae, J.-W., Gao, E., Koch, W. J. Tags: Gene Regulation Source Type: research

New cholesterol drug shows promise
Conclusion Media headlines reporting on this phase I trial concentrated on the secondary outcome (that ALN-PCS reduced LDL cholesterol levels). However, these results will need to be confirmed during phase II and phase III clinical trials, which will involve more participants who would normally receive cholesterol-lowering treatment. While it is tempting to focus on the results of the cholesterol levels, phase I clinical trials are designed to test the safety of a new drug to make sure it is safe enough to test further. They also aim to determine what the highest tolerable dose is, so the appropriate one can be used in la...
Source: NHS News Feed - October 3, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Heart/lungs Medical practice Medication Source Type: news

Transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 plays a vital role in endothelial colony forming cells differentiation
Conclusion Up-regulation of KLF2 by AMPK activation constitutes a novel mechanism of ECFC differentiation, and may have therapeutic value in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease.
Source: Cardiovascular Research - July 22, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Song, Y., Li, X., Wang, D., Fu, C., Zhu, Z., Zou, M.-H., Zhu, Y. Tags: Vascular biology Source Type: research

Far-infrared radiation acutely increases nitric oxide production by increasing Ca(2+) mobilization and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 1179.
This study suggests that FIR radiation increases NO production via increasing CaMKII-mediated eNOS-Ser(1179) phosphorylation but TRPV channels may not be involved in this pathway. Our results may provide the molecular mechanism by which FIR radiation improves endothelial function. PMID: 23756809 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - June 8, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Park JH, Lee S, Cho DH, Kang DH, Jo I Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

MicroRNA-21 mediates the rapamycin-induced suppression of endothelial proliferation and migration
Highlights: ► miR-21 expression was upregulated by rapamycin treatment. ► miR-21 deletion abolished rapamycin-induced inhibition on endothelial growth and mobility. ► RhoB was a direct target gene of miR-21. ► Knock-down of Raptor mimicked the augmentation of miR-21 induced by rapamycin.Abstract: Rapamycin suppresses endothelial proliferation and migration, which leads to delayed re-endothelialization in the rapamycin-eluted stents that are used in coronary heart disease patients. Because microRNAs (miRs) play important roles in endothelial angiogenesis, we tested the hypothesis that rapamycin induces endothelial s...
Source: FEBS Letters - January 9, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chongying Jin, Yanbo Zhao, Lu Yu, Shengjie Xu, Guosheng Fu Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research

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