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Cancer: Prostate Cancer

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Total 879 results found since Jan 2013.

SMYD3 as an Oncogenic Driver in Prostate Cancer by Stimulation of Androgen Receptor Transcription
Conclusions SMYD3 promotes prostate tumorigenesis and mediates epigenetic upregulation of AR expression.
Source: JNCI - November 19, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Liu, C., Wang, C., Wang, K., Liu, L., Shen, Q., Yan, K., Sun, X., Chen, J., Liu, J., Ren, H., Liu, H., Xu, Z., Hu, S., Xu, D., Fan, Y. Tags: Article Source Type: research

Zyflamend, a polyherbal mixture, down regulates class I and class II histone deacetylases and increases p21 levels in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the extracts of this polyherbal combination increase histone 3 acetylation, inhibit the expression of class I and class II histone deacetylases, increase the activation of CBP/p300 and inhibit cell proliferation, in part, by up regulating p21 expression.
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - February 21, 2014 Category: Epidemiology Authors: E-Chu HuangYi ZhaoGuoxun ChenSeung Joon BaekMichael F McEnteeSteven MinkinJohn P BiggerstaffJay Whelan Source Type: research

SNAI1 is critical for the aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells with low E-cadherin
Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that E-cadherin loss promotes SNAI1 expression that controls the aggressiveness of PCA cells.
Source: Molecular Cancer - February 24, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gagan DeepAnil JainAnand RamtekeHarold TingKavitha VijendraSubhash GangarChapla AgarwalRajesh Agarwal Source Type: research

A hormone-dependent feedback-loop controls androgen receptor levels by limiting MID1, a novel translation enhancer and promoter of oncogenic signaling
Conclusion: Promotion of AR, in addition to enhancement of the Akt-, NFkappaB-, and Hh-pathways by sustained MID1-upregulation during androgen deprivation therapy provides a powerful proliferative scenario for PCa progression into castration resistance. Thus MID1 represents a novel, multi-faceted player in PCa and a promising target to treat castration resistant prostate cancer.
Source: Molecular Cancer - June 9, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Andrea KöhlerÜmmühan DemirEva KicksteinSybille KraussJohanna AignerBeatriz Aranda-OrgillésAntonios KaragiannidisClemens AchmüllerHuajie BuAndrea WunderlichMichal-Ruth SchweigerGeorg SchaeferSusann SchweigerHelmut KlockerRainer Schneider Source Type: research

Dihydrotestosterone enhances castration‐resistant prostate cancer cell proliferation through STAT5 activation via glucocorticoid receptor pathway
CONCLUSIONIn CRPC cells, DHT activated STAT5 enhancing cell proliferation. Activation was induced regardless of presence of AR and in cells devoid of AR, DHT used GR which formed direct complex with p‐STAT5. Prostate © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: The Prostate - July 7, 2014 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Cheryn Song, Yunlim Kim, Gyeong Eun Min, Hanjong Ahn Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Down‐modulation of Bcl‐2 sensitizes PTEN‐mutated prostate cancer cells to starvation and taxanes
CONCLUSIONSSilencing Bcl‐2 in PTEN‐mutated prostate cancer cells enhances the apoptotic effects of combined starvation and taxol treatments, indicating that inhibition of Bcl‐2 may be of significant value in PTEN‐mutant tumor therapy. Prostate © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: The Prostate - August 11, 2014 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Angela Calastretti, Giuliana Gatti, Carolina Quaresmini, Annamaria Bevilacqua Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

GPX2 overexpression is involved in cell proliferation and prognosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer
In this report, we investigated the role of glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) in CRPC. GPX2 expression was analyzed in rat and human CRPC cells. Next, we determined the proliferation rate and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GPX2-small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected CRPC cells. For in vivo analysis, siRNA-transfected cells were subcutaneously implanted into normal and castrated nude mice. Further, immunohistochemical and prognostic analyses of GPX2 were performed using human specimens. Silencing of GPX2 caused significant growth inhibition and increased intracellular ROS in both rat (PCai1) and human (PC3) CRPC...
Source: Carcinogenesis - August 27, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Naiki, T., Naiki-Ito, A., Asamoto, M., Kawai, N., Tozawa, K., Etani, T., Sato, S., Suzuki, S., Shirai, T., Kohri, K., Takahashi, S. Tags: Original Manuscript Source Type: research

Over-expression of a poor prognostic marker in prostate cancer: AQP5 promotes cells growth and local invasion
Background: The aquaporins (AQPs), water channel proteins, are known playing a major role in transcellular and transepithelial water movement; they also exhibit several properties related to tumor development. The aim of the present study is to elucidate whether the expression of AQP5 is a strong prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer, and the potential role in the progression of prostate cancer cells. Methods: AQP5 expression was measured in 60 prostate cancer tissues and cells (both PC-3 and LNCaP) by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay. AQP5 gene amplification was detected with FISH (fluorescence in situ...
Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology - September 13, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jianping LiZiming WangTie ChongHaiwen ChenHechen LiGang LiXiaoqiang ZhaiYoufang Li Source Type: research

Amyloid precursor protein regulates migration and metalloproteinase gene expression in prostate cancer cells.
Abstract Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I transmembrane protein, and one of its processed forms, β-amyloid, is considered to play a central role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. We previously showed that APP is a primary androgen-responsive gene in prostate cancer and that its increased expression is correlated with poor prognosis for patients with prostate cancer. APP has also been implicated in several human malignancies. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the pro-proliferative effects of APP on cancers is still not well-understood. In the present study, we explored a pathophysiological...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - September 9, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Miyazaki T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Abstract 54: Differential plectin isoform expression correlates with aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes
Conclusions: We have identified plectin isoforms that are differentially expressed in PCa cells lines and prostatectomy tissues with different malignancy phenotypes. These findings are currently being validated using disease stratified TMAs. Further studies are focusing on uncovering the mechanisms responsible for progression and metastasis of PCa that are modulated by specific plectin isoforms. These could assist in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the disease. Citation Format: Tanya C. Burch, Johng S. Rhim, Julius O. Nyalwidhe. Differential plectin isoform expression correlates with aggr...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Burch, T. C., Rhim, J. S., Nyalwidhe, J. O. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 501: CXCR4 induced ROS accumulation through PI3K/AKT
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress have long been implicated in the onset and progression of many cancers. A mechanism by which ROS contributes to cancer is by relaying signals from the cell surface to important signaling proteins, thereby regulating a variety of cellular processes. Identifying the sources of ROS in cancer cells, and the consequences of oxidative stress, remain areas of intense research. We have previously demonstrated that ROS increased expression and activity of the chemokine (CXC) receptor, type 4 (CXCR4), which resulted in trans-endothelial migration of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Simi...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bryant, L. K., Jones, K. J., Hinton, C. V. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 731: SRI-28731, a highly potent and selective MAP4K4 (HGK) inhibitor for cancer therapy
MAP4K4, a Ser/Thr kinase, was identified as an important pro-migratory kinase in an siRNA screen, targeting 5,234 human genes for modulators of tumor cell motility. MAP4K4 siRNA potently suppressed cell invasion and migration of multiple cancer cell lines, indicating a broad role in cell motility. There are no drugs in the clinic that are known to specifically target MAP4K4 for cancer therapy. We have successfully developed an orally active, highly effective and selective MAP4K4 inhibitor (SRI-28731) with potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. SRI-28731 is more potent than Paclitaxel (Taxol) against most of the b...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chang, C.-T., Park, J., Zhou, W., Liu, X., Sato, B., Dinh, D., Furimsky, A., Beviglia, L., Sambucetti, L., Jong, L. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 1151: SIRT6 induces EMT and promotes cancer cell invasion and migration in prostate cancer
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related death in males in the developed countries. One of the major clinical challenges is the propensity for advanced PCa to metastasize to bone or other organs, which is primarily responsible for its effect on patient mortality. SIRT6, one of Sirtuins family members, is an important histone modifying protein that regulates diverse physiological functions such as aging and metabolism. Recently there is much evidence showing an involvement of SIRT6 in tumorigenesis. At present, relatively little is known about the role of SIRT6 in regula...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xie, Q., Wong, A. S., Xia, W. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 2254: Pro-angiogenic CXCL8 signalling underpins microenvironment-induced relapse to anti-androgen therapy of prostate cancer
Conclusion: Our data suggests that targeting CXCL8 signalling may therefore be a relevant strategy to enhance tumor response to anti-androgen therapies. Inhibiting signalling of this chemokine attenuates key transcriptional approaches induced in the hypoxic microenvironment of bicalutamide-treated tumors. Moreover, inhibition of CXCL8 signalling may prevent the re-vascularization previously observed in hypoxic LNCaP tumors. Citation Format: Melanie McKechnie, Pamela J. Maxwell, David J. J. Waugh. Pro-angiogenic CXCL8 signalling underpins microenvironment-induced relapse to anti-androgen therapy of prostate cancer. [abstrac...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: McKechnie, M., Maxwell, P. J., Waugh, D. J. J. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 2286: Regulation of GSK3{beta} axis by combination treatment with TRAIL and Troglitazone in cancer cells
Prostate cancer is estimated to account for 29% of all new cancers and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. Hormonal therapy is the only treatment for advanced forms, but androgen-independence eventually develops in most patients. Developing new treatment strategies are urgently needed, which needs a deeper molecular understanding of the events that lead to tumor progression. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has gained much importance recently due to its ability to preferentially induce cell death in malignant and transformed cells. However, since many tumor cells de...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Majumdar, S., Santha, S., Rana, A., Rana, B. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research