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Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1976: Extracellular Vesicles as a Translational Approach for the Treatment of COVID-19 Disease: An Updated Overview
a Di Domenico Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic in the years 2020–2022. With a high prevalence, an easy route of transmission, and a long incubation time, SARS-CoV-2 spread quickly and affected public health and socioeconomic conditions. Several points need to be elucidated about its mechanisms of infection, in particular, its capability to evade the immune system and escape from neutralizing antibodies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-delimited particles that are involved in cell-to-cell communication; they contain biological infor...
Source: Viruses - September 22, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Enrica Serretiello Andrea Ballini Annafrancesca Smimmo Marina Acunzo Mariarosaria Raimo Stefania Cantore Marina Di Domenico Tags: Review Source Type: research

Bioactive lipid-based therapeutic approach to COVID-19 and other similar infections
Arch Med Sci. 2021 Apr 23;19(5):1327-1359. doi: 10.5114/aoms/135703. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Epithelial and T, NK, and other immunocytes release bioactive lipids especially arachidonic acid (AA) in response to microbial infections to inactivate them and upregulate the immune system. COVID-19 (coronavirus) and other enveloped viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1 of 2002-2003) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS; 2012-ongoing) and hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) can be inactivated by AA, γ-linolenic acid (GLA, dihomo-GLA (DGLA), eicosapentaenoic ...
Source: Archives of Medical Science - September 21, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Undurti N Das Source Type: research

The Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Related Taste Disorder and Treatments
J Dent Res. 2023 Sep 20:220345231182926. doi: 10.1177/00220345231182926. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCOVID-19, mainly manifested as acute respiratory distress syndrome, has afflicted millions of people worldwide since 2019. Taste dysfunction is a common early-stage symptom of COVID-19 infection that burdens patients for weeks or even permanently in some cases. Owing to its subjectivity and complexity, the mechanism of taste disorder is poorly studied. Previous studies have reported that the COVID-19 entry receptors are highly expressed in taste buds, thereby intensifying the cytocidal effect. Taste receptor cells are vul...
Source: Cell Research - September 20, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: J Wang R Liu H Ma W Zhang Source Type: research

Pediatric cancer care management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the literature and a single-centre real-life experience of an Italian pediatric oncology unit
In conclusion, we reported the real-life experience of our pediatric oncology unit during the pandemic period.EXPERT OPINION: Starting from the data available in literature, and our experience, showing the rarity of severe COVID-19 disease in pediatric patients with solid tumors, we recommend carefully tailoring all the oncological treatments (chemotherapy/targeted therapy/stem cell transplantation/radiotherapy). The aim is the preservation of the treatment's timing, balanced with an evaluation of possible severe COVID-19 disease.PMID:37712347 | DOI:10.1080/14737140.2023.2245148
Source: Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy - September 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Olga Nigro Chiara Oltolini Federica Barzaghi Caterina Uberti Foppa Maria Pia Cicalese Maura Massimino Elisabetta Schiavello Source Type: research

More than Meets the Eye: Orbital Swelling in an Adolescent with Sickle Cell Disease
Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res. 2023 Jan 1;17(1):56-62. doi: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v17i1.11714.ABSTRACTPeriorbital swelling is a clinical presentation with a broad differential and potentially deleterious consequence. Causes range from benign, including allergic reaction, to vision- and life-threatening, including orbital cellulitis and orbital infarction. The recent climate of SARS-CoV-2 has further complicated this differential, as the virus poses broad clinical presentations with new manifestations reported frequently. Rapid identification of the underlying etiology is crucial, as treatment approaches diverge greatly. Her...
Source: Cell Research - August 28, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Rachel Elizabeth Hicks Mohammed Alsabri Mario Peichev Viswanathan Kusum Source Type: research

Assessment of the proarrhythmic effects of repurposed antimalarials for COVID-19 treatment using a comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA)
Due to the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, drug repurposing and Emergency Use Authorization have been proposed to treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic. While the efficiency of the drugs has been discussed, it was identified that certain compounds, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, cause QT interval prolongation and potential cardiotoxic effects. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity and QT prolongation may lead to life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes (TdP), a potentially fatal arrhythmic symptom. Here, we evaluated the risk of repurposed pyronaridine or artesunate-mediated...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - August 15, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Immunogenicity and Safety of Booster SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
COVID-19 vaccination is now widely recognized as the primary prevention strategy targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccine is critically important in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and mortality. However, studies have shown that antibody levels decrease over time, potentially leading to reduced protection, particularly in immunocompromised patients who are at higher risk of severe disease than the general population.
Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation - August 13, 2023 Category: Hematology Authors: Ankit Mittal, Javier T Solera, Victor H. Ferreira, Sagar Kothari, Muneyoshi Kimura, Ivan Pasic, Jonas I. Mattsson, Atul Humar, Vathany Kulasingam, Matthew Ierullo, Deepali Kumar, Seyed M. Hosseini-Moghaddam Source Type: research

Modifications of Lipid Pathways Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Propagation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived 3D Airway Organoids
CONCLUSIONS: Together, our data demonstrated that modifications of lipid pathways restrict SARS-CoV-2 propagation in the iPSC-AOs, which the inhibition is speculated through the translocation of ACE2 from the cell membrane to the cytosol. Considering the highly frequent mutation and generation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, targeting host metabolisms of cholesterol or other lipids may represent an alternative approach against SARS-CoV-2 infection.PMID:37557954 | DOI:10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.005
Source: Adv Data - August 9, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ping-Hsing Tsai Jun-Ren Sun Yueh Chien Man Sheung Chan Winnie Khor Hsin-Chou Yang Chih-Heng Huang Chia-Ni Hsiung Teh-Yang Hwa Yi-Ying Lin Chih-Ling Yeh Mong-Lien Wang Yi-Ping Yang Yuh-Min Chen Fu-Ting Tsai Meng-Shiue Lee Yun-Hsiang Cheng Shan-Ko Tsai Ping Source Type: research

Exosomes from Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Regulatory T Cells in COVID-19 Patients
This study aimed to assess the effect of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) on the differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into Tregs from patients with COVID-19. Exosomes were isolated from adipose tissue-derived MSCs. PBMCs were separated from the whole blood of COVID-19 patients (n=20). Treg frequency was assessed before and 48 hours after treatment of PBMCs with MSC-Exo using flow cytometry. Expression of FOXP3 and cytokine genes, and the concentration of cytokines associated with Tregs, were assessed before and after treatment with MSC-Exo. The frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127- Tregs was significantly hig...
Source: Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - July 31, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Morteza Motallebnezhad Ali Hazrati Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh Nematollah Jonaidi-Jafari Sanaz Abbaspour-Aghdam Kosar Malekpour Mehdi Yousefi Hossein Samadi Kafil Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh Leila Roshangar Hamed Valizadeh Morteza Izadi Majid Ahmadi Source Type: research