Neurobiology of Learning and Memory This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

No evidence that arousal affects reactivated memories
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2024 Apr 12:107928. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107928. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMemory for inherently neutral elements of emotional events is often enhanced on delayed tests - an effect that has been attributed to noradrenergic arousal. Reactivation of a memory is thought to return its corresponding neural ensemble to a state that is similar to when it was originally experienced. Therefore, we hypothesized that neutral elements of memories, too, can be enhanced through reactivation concurrent with heightened arousal. Participants (n = 94) visited the lab for three sessions. During the first session, ...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - April 14, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Olivier T de Vries Sascha B Duken Merel Kindt Vanessa A van Ast Source Type: research

Perceived stress and renewal: The effects of long-term stress on the renewal effect
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2024 Apr 4;211:107927. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107927. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTwo online experiments evaluated the relationship between long-term stress, as measured with the Perceived Stress Scale-10, and the Renewal Effect. In the first experiment renewal was assessed with a behavioral suppression task in a science-fiction based video game. Participants learned to suppress mouse clicking during a signal for an upcoming attack to avoid losing points. The signal was first paired with an attack in Context A and extinguished in Context B and tested back in Context A. The contexts were different sp...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - April 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Borja Nevado James Byron Nelson Source Type: research

Perceived stress and renewal: The effects of long-term stress on the renewal effect
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2024 Apr 4:107927. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107927. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTwo online experiments evaluated the relationship between long-term stress, as measured with the Perceived Stress Scale-10, and the Renewal Effect. In the first experiment renewal was assessed with a behavioral suppression task in a science-fiction based video game. Participants learned to suppress mouse clicking during a signal for an upcoming attack to avoid losing points. The signal was first paired with an attack in Context A and extinguished in Context B and tested back in Context A. The contexts were different space ...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - April 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Borja Nevado James Byron Nelson Source Type: research

Central amygdala contributes to stimulus facilitation and pre-stimulus vigilance during cerebellar learning
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2024 Apr 3:107925. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107925. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOur previous studies found that the central amygdala (CeA) modulates cerebellum-dependent eyeblink conditioning (EBC) using muscimol inactivation. We also found that CeA inactivation decreases cerebellar neuronal activity during the conditional stimulus (CS) from the start of training. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the CeA facilitates CS input to the cerebellum. The current study tested the CS facilitation hypothesis using optogenetic inhibition with archaerhodopsin (Arch) and excitation with channelrhodops...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Sean J Farley John H Freeman Source Type: research

Bayesian reinforcement learning: A basic overview
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2024 Apr 3:107924. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107924. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWe and other animals learn because there is some aspect of the world about which we are uncertain. This uncertainty arises from initial ignorance, and from changes in the world that we do not perfectly know; the uncertainty often becomes evident when our predictions about the world are found to be erroneous. The Rescorla-Wagner learning rule, which specifies one way that prediction errors can occasion learning, has been hugely influential as a characterization of Pavlovian conditioning and, through its equivalence to the d...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Pyungwon Kang Philippe N Tobler Peter Dayan Source Type: research

Infralimbic cortex plays a similar role in the punishment and extinction of instrumental behavior
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2024 Apr 4;211:107926. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107926. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLearning to stop responding is a fundamental process in instrumental learning. Animals may learn to stop responding under a variety of conditions that include punishment-where the response earns an aversive stimulus in addition to a reinforcer-and extinction-where a reinforced response now earns nothing at all. Recent research suggests that punishment and extinction may be related manifestations of a common retroactive interference process. In both paradigms, animals learn to stop performing a specific response in a sp...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Matthew C Broomer Mark E Bouton Source Type: research

Infralimbic cortex plays a similar role in the punishment and extinction of instrumental behavior
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2024 Apr 3:107926. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107926. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLearning to stop responding is a fundamental process in instrumental learning. Animals may learn to stop responding under a variety of conditions that include punishment-where the response earns an aversive stimulus in addition to a reinforcer-and extinction-where a reinforced response now earns nothing at all. Recent research suggests that punishment and extinction may be related manifestations of a common retroactive interference process. In both paradigms, animals learn to stop performing a specific response in a specif...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Matthew C Broomer Mark E Bouton Source Type: research