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The Rescorla-Wagner model, prediction error, and fear learning
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Jul 11;203:107799. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107799. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe Rescorla-Wagner model remains one of the most important and influential theoretical accounts of the conditions under which Pavlovian learning occurs. Moreover, the experimental approaches that inspired the model continue to provide powerful behavioral tools to advance mechanistic understanding of how we and other animals learn to fear and learn to reduce fear. Here we consider key features of the Rescorla-Wagner model as applied to study of fear learning. We review evidence for key insights of the model. First, le...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - July 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Joanna Oi-Yue Yau Gavan P McNally Source Type: research

The Rescorla-Wagner model, prediction error, and fear learning
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Jul 11:107799. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107799. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe Rescorla-Wagner model remains one of the most important and influential theoretical accounts of the conditions under which Pavlovian learning occurs. Moreover, the experimental approaches that inspired the model continue to provide powerful behavioral tools to advance mechanistic understanding of how we and other animals learn to fear and learn to reduce fear. Here we consider key features of the Rescorla-Wagner model as applied to study of fear learning. We review evidence for key insights of the model. First, learni...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - July 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Joanna Oi-Yue Yau Gavan P McNally Source Type: research

Social buffering reduces fear expression in Wistar rats when tested in pairs, but not when retested alone
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Jul 7;203:107798. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107798. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSocial buffering is a phenomenon in which the stress response of an individual can be reduced by the presence of another individual. However, little is known about the effect of social buffering on aversive after memory extinction, especially when animals are tested alone afterwards. The aim of this study was to verify the social buffering effect in rats during the extinction session of the contextual fear conditioning model and the fear response when animals are tested alone in the following day. Animals were divided ...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - July 8, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Mayla Ketlyn Lazzarim Giovanna Luiza Paiva Krepel Daniela Zolet Natalia Fantin Sardi Henrique Jos é Polato Gomes Bruno Jacson Martynhak Source Type: research

Social buffering reduces fear expression in Wistar rats when tested in pairs, but not when retested alone
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Jul 6:107798. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107798. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSocial buffering is a phenomenon in which the stress response of an individual can be reduced by the presence of another individual. However, little is known about the effect of social buffering on aversive after memory extinction, especially when animals are tested alone afterwards. The aim of this study was to verify the social buffering effect in rats during the extinction session of the contextual fear conditioning model and the fear response when animals are tested alone in the following day. Animals were divided into...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - July 8, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Mayla Ketlyn Lazzarim Giovanna Luiza Paiva Krepel Daniela Zolet Natalia Fantin Sardi Henrique Jos é Polato Gomes Bruno Jacson Martynhak Source Type: research

Sensitivity of late ERP old/new effects in source memory to self-referential encoding focus and stimulus emotionality
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Jun 30;203:107795. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107795. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn episodic memory, the old/new effect, the contrast of the waveforms elicited by the correctly recognized studied items and the correctly rejected novel items, has been broadly concerned. However, the contribution of self-referential encoding to the old/new effect in source memory (i.e., source-SRE), is far from clarification; further, it remains unclear whether the contribution is susceptible to the factor of stimulus emotionality. To address these issues, adopting the event-related potential (ERP) technique, this s...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - July 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aiqing Nie Wenyu Zhou Yueyue Xiao Source Type: research

Sensitivity of late ERP old/new effects in source memory to self-referential encoding focus and stimulus emotionality
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Jun 30:107795. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107795. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn episodic memory, the old/new effect, the contrast of the waveforms elicited by the correctly recognized studied items and the correctly rejected novel items, has been broadly concerned. However, the contribution of self-referential encoding to the old/new effect in source memory (i.e., source-SRE), is far from clarification; further, it remains unclear whether the contribution is susceptible to the factor of stimulus emotionality. To address these issues, adopting the event-related potential (ERP) technique, this study...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - July 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aiqing Nie Wenyu Zhou Yueyue Xiao Source Type: research

Effects of predictive and incentive value manipulation on sign- and goal-tracking behavior
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Jun 28;203:107796. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107796. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhen a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an appetitive reward, two different types of conditioned approach responses may develop: a sign-tracking response directed toward the neutral cue, or a goal-tracking response directed toward the location of impending reward delivery. Sign-tracking responses have been postulated to result from attribution of incentive value to conditioned cues, while goal-tracking reflects the assignment of only predictive value to the cue. We therefore hypothesized that sign-tracking r...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Cristina E Mar ía-Ríos Christopher J Fitzpatrick Francesca N Czesak Jonathan D Morrow Source Type: research

Systemic corticosterone administration impairs the late fear memory reconsolidation via basolateral amygdala glucocorticoid receptors: Dependence on the time window and memory age
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Jun 27;203:107797. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107797. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGlucocorticoid receptors (GRs) of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) play an important role in memory reconsolidation. The present study investigated the role of the BLA GRs in the late reconsolidation of fear memory using an inhibitory avoidance (IA) task in male Wistar rats. Stainless steel cannulae were implanted bilaterally into the BLA of the rats. After 7 days of recovery, the animals were trained in a one-trial IA task (1 mA, 3 s). In Experiment One, 48 h after the training session, the animals received 3 systemic ...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Maryam Nazari Ali Rashidy-Pour Abbas Ali Vafaei Payman Raise-Abdullahi Source Type: research

Effects of predictive and incentive value manipulation on sign- and goal-tracking behavior
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Jun 27:107796. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107796. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhen a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an appetitive reward, two different types of conditioned approach responses may develop: a sign-tracking response directed toward the neutral cue, or a goal-tracking response directed toward the location of impending reward delivery. Sign-tracking responses have been postulated to result from attribution of incentive value to conditioned cues, while goal-tracking reflects the assignment of only predictive value to the cue. We therefore hypothesized that sign-tracking rats ...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Cristina E Maria-Rios Christopher J Fitzpatrick Francesca N Czesak Jonathan D Morrow Source Type: research