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Cortisol decreases activation in extinction related brain areas resulting in an impaired recall of context-dependent extinction memory
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Oct 20:107844. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107844. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConditioned responding gradually stops during successful extinction learning. The renewal effect is defined as the recovery of a extinguished conditioned response when the context of extinction is different from acquisition. The stress hormone cortisol is known to have an influence on extinction memory and associative learning. Different effects of cortisol on behaviour and brain activity have been observed with respect to stress timing, duration, and intensity. However, the influence of cortisol prior to the initial enco...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Alina Nostadt Christian J Merz Oliver T Wolf Martin Tegenthoff Silke Lissek Source Type: research

Differential effects of acute cardiovascular exercise on explicit and implicit motor memory: the moderating effects of fitness level
This study examines the effects of acute CE on the consolidation of motor sequences learned explicitly and implicitly, exploring the potential moderating effect of fitness level and awareness. Fifty-six healthy adults (24.1±3.3 years, 32 female) were recruited. After practicing with either the implicit or explicit variant of the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT), participants either performed a bout of 16 min of vigorous CE or rested for the same amount of time. Consolidation was quantified as the change in SRTT performance from the end of practice to a 24 h retention test. Fitness level (V̇O2peak) was determined through ...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: J Cristini V S Kraft B De Las Heras L Rodrigues Z Parwanta J Hermsd örfer S Steib M Roig Source Type: research

The 5-HT < sub > 1A < /sub > receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT modulates motor/exploratory activity, recognition memory and dopamine transporter binding in the dorsal and ventral striatum
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Oct 19:107848. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107848. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn the present studies, we assessed the effect of the 5-HT1A receptor (R) agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on motor and exploratory behaviors, object and place recognition and dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) binding in the rat brain. In Experiment I, motor/exploratory behaviors were assessed in an open field after injection of either 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 and 3 mg/kg) or vehicle for 30 min without previous habituation to the open field. In Experiment II, rats underwent a 5-mi...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Susanne Nikolaus Owen Y Chao Markus Beu Jan Henke Christina Antke An-Li Wang Benedetta Fazari Eduards Mamlins Joseph P Huston Frederik L Giesel Source Type: research

Developmental Changes in Functional Connectivity between the Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala following Fear Extinction
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Oct 19:107847. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107847. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergo dramatic changes in structure, function, and regional connectivity in early life, ultimately stabilizing in early adulthood. Pathways between these two structures underlie many forms of emotional learning, including the extinction of conditioned fear. Here we sought to characterize changes in extinction-related medial PFC (mPFC)→ amygdala functional connectivity across development that might explain adolescent impairments in extinction. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold wa...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: K S Zimmermann R Richardson K D Baker Source Type: research

Synergistic photoactivation of VTA-catecholaminergic and BLA-glutamatergic projections induces long-term potentiation in the insular cortex
In this study, we hypothesize that the simultaneous activation of dopaminergic and glutamatergic projections to the neocortex can underlie synaptic plasticity. High-frequency stimulation of the BLA-IC circuit has demonstrated a reliable long-term potentiation (LTP), a widely acknowledged synaptic plasticity that underlies memory consolidation. Therefore, the concurrent optogenetic stimulation of the insula's glutamatergic and dopaminergic terminal fibers would induce reliable LTP. Our results confirmed that combined photostimulation of the VTA and BLA projections to the IC induces a slow-onset LTP. We also found that optog...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Luis F Rodr íguez-Durán Diana L L ópez-Ibarra Gabriela Herrera-Xithe Federico Berm údez-Rattoni Daniel Osorio-G ómez Martha L Escobar Source Type: research

Individual differences in information processing during sleep and wake predict sleep-based memory consolidation of complex rules
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Oct 15;205:107842. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107842. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMemory is critical for many cognitive functions, from remembering facts, to learning complex environmental rules. While memory encoding occurs during wake, memory consolidation is associated with sleep-related neural activity. Further, research suggests that individual differences in alpha frequency during wake (∼7 - 13 Hz) modulate memory processes, with higher individual alpha frequency (IAF) associated with greater memory performance. However, the relationship between wake-related EEG individual differences, such...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Madison Richter Zachariah R Cross Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Source Type: research

Individual differences in information processing during sleep and wake predict sleep-based memory consolidation of complex rules
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Oct 15:107842. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107842. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMemory is critical for many cognitive functions, from remembering facts, to learning complex environmental rules. While memory encoding occurs during wake, memory consolidation is associated with sleep-related neural activity. Further, research suggests that individual differences in alpha frequency during wake (∼ 7 - 13 Hz) modulate memory processes, with higher individual alpha frequency (IAF) associated with greater memory performance. However, the relationship between wake-related EEG individual differences, such as...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Madison Richter Zachariah R Cross Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Source Type: research

Alternated emotional working memory in individuals with subclinical insomnia disorder: An electrophysiological study
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Oct 14:107843. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107843. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe deleterious effects of sleep loss on sleep-dependent memory and emotional function have been documented in the current literature. Yet, the effects of insomnia-induced chronic sleep disturbance on emotional short-term memory have been scarcely investigated. Twenty-one participants with subclinical insomnia disorder (SID) and 20 healthy participants (healthy control, HC) performed a delayed recognition task of emotional faces, and event-related potentials (ERPs) involved in memory encoding, retention, and retrieval of ...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Siyu Li Taotao Ru Meiheng He Qingwei Chen Xue Luo Guofu Zhou Source Type: research

Acute single non-sedative doses of NOP receptor agonists affect acquisition of object location memory but repeated high doses do not induce long-lasting deficits
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Oct 11:107841. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107841. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) system has been shown to modulate various aspects of long-term memory. It is therefore important to study the effects on memory impairment by nociceptin receptor (NOP) agonists under preclinical development. In the present study, we investigated the effect of systemic injection of two small molecule selective NOP agonists, AT-202 and AT-524, in the object location memory task in male and female mice. Since high doses of NOP agonists have been shown to induce sedation, we first determined...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Flora D'Oliveira da Silva Nurulain T Zaveri Lionel Moul édous Source Type: research

Incidental learning of faces during threat: No evidence for enhanced physiological responses to former threat identities
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Oct 11:107838. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107838. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRemembering an unfamiliar person and the contextual conditions of that encounter is important for adaptive future behavior, especially in a potentially dangerous situation. Initiating defensive behavior in the presence of former dangerous circumstances can be crucial. Recent studies showed selective electrocortical processing of faces that were previously seen in a threat context compared to a safety context, however, this was not reflected in conscious recognition performance. Here, we investigated whether previously see...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - October 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sabine Schellhaas Christian Schmahl Florian Bublatzky Source Type: research